Child Abuse Prevention and Control Essay

Child abuse is a serious and widespread problem throughout the world. It can take the form of sexual abuse, physical or psychological mistreatment , or child neglect. Can child abuse be prevented? Can the child abuser be rehabilitated? What can be done within your own home or community to prevent or control child abuse? Once discovered, child abuse can be addressed, but how does one report child abuse, and what are the legal requirements for reporting the abuse? Are you aware of the effect that the abuse has on other family members, or what the long term effects of child abuse can be? Learn how you can be part of the solution to the tragic problem of child abuse. Child abuse, regardless of what form it takes, is extremely damaging to the child, the family, and society. Approximately eighty percent of twenty-one year olds that have survived childhood abuse have at least one psychological disorder, and about thirty percent of abused or exploited children become abusers themselves as adults. Statistics tell us that five or more abused children die every day in America alone, not including the many abuse-related deaths that go unrecorded. Child abuse is a worldwide occurrence which crosses all boundaries. No financial, racial, religious, cultural or other situation has been found to preclude child abuse. Reporting child abuse United States, Guam, and Puerto Rico are among several areas of the world that have mandatory reporting laws. In these areas, any person who suspects or observes child abuse of any type must report the situation to the legal authorities. There are several professions in which the mandate to report is even more thoroughly enforced. Traditional authority positions such as school teacher, law enforcement, and physician are a few examples. The importance of reporting the abuse cannot be stressed enough. The younger the child is when the abuse is stopped, the better the chances of healing the psychological and/or physical damage inflicted. The longer the abuse is allowed to continue, the more damage is done, and healing becomes progressively more difficult. Studies show that children who simply witness abuse within the family are just as negatively affected as the subject of the abuse, further demonstrating the scope and gravity of this type of situation, and the importance of early intervention. Preventing child abuse The following are some ways that we can attempt to prevent the abuse before it even starts. If you are a parent, be sure you are able to de-stress in a healthy way instead of directing your frustrations toward your child. Physical activity, meditation, or involvement in a support group outside the home and away from the children are all excellent ways of positively redirecting anger or frustration. If you believe that you, or someone in your family is at risk of losing control or becoming abusive, do not ignore the issue or delay taking action. The person on the verge of losing control must get help before the abuse ever occurs. If you notice a parent clearly struggling under a lot of stress, try sympathizing, and perhaps offer to babysit, or even trade babysitting services to give the adults some ‘down time’. Donate, volunteer, or become otherwise actively involved in raising awareness about, or assisting, families and children in crisis. Controlling child abuse already occuring in the home It is no simple task to rehabilitate a child abuser. Generally, it is a long term process, involving not just the abuser, but the entire family unit. Each family member must be willing to cooperate in the rehabilitation program. Mental or psychological instability or illness, and/or substance abuse often contribute to the abusive behavior, complicating matters even more, and and making rehabilitation much more difficult. If the abuse violation is considered ‘low level’, the abuser may possibly be permitted to remain within the home while treatment takes place, as long as steady improvement is observed and no further abuse occurs. This is normally decided on a case by case basis. The definition of ‘low level’ varies according to local laws, but one example would be mild incidences of neglect, as opposed to actual physical or sexual abuse or exploitation, or more severe cases of neglect. Instances in which the abuse has become more serious usually require removal and temporary relocation of the child, or removal of the abuser, until such time as the offender is determined to be rehabilitated. Requirements vary depending on locale, but in all instances, there are specific conditions that must be satisfied before the family is reunited.

Does marketing create or satisfy needs is a very o Essays

Does marketing create or satisfy needs is a very o Essays Does marketing create or satisfy needs is a very openly interpreted question. To answer the question, one must first break down the difference between what a want and a need is. A want is something that is just a desire after seeing product placement. In an article, Julie Lynch states that "wants are shaped by our society" (Lynch, 2009) . She goes on later in the article to explain that "everyone can want something but only a few have the means to acquire it" (Lynch,2009) . A need to a person is an essential, a product that is pivotal for existence. Marketing is a very strategic business; placement, pricing, and promotion are all integral pieces in marketing. Companies place their products into consumer minds in two ways: direct line and subliminal marketing. Direct line placement can be referred to as commercials on television, magazine ads, celebrity endorsements. Having a celebrity get into a brand new high- end car, spray a fancy new cologne or perfume on themselves, or wear a brand name clothing brand is a way these companies use direct line marketing. Subliminal marketing is a bit more complex, this a way they can plant the idea of their products being something a consumer needs. Companies such as Nike, Adidas, and Under Armor target many consumers that do not exercise. They place their products on extremely fit athletes to show consumers that by wearing their products, the public can look like that, simply by purchasing those products. Cigarette companies target young consumers by having the "popular" smoke in their commercials, making the younger viewers and consumers want to purchase their product and become that "popular" person in the group. " Subliminal marketing can influence consumers to prefer your product if they don't already have a strong preference for a competing product " (Fisher,2017). To answer the question of does marketing create or satisfy needs, one must balance out their wants and needs. Spending the time to balance out those two and doing research makes one realize that companies create the want by making it seem like a need. Fisher , C. (2017, January 07). What Are Subliminal Perceptions in Marketing? Retrieved October 24, 2017, from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/subliminal-perceptions-marketing-71802.html Lynch, J. E. (2009, April 05). How Does Marketing Create and Satisfy Consumer Needs? Retrieved October 24, 2017, from http://ezinearticles.com/?How-Does-Marketing-Create-and-Satisfy-Consumer-Needs?id=2186483

The Arab charter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Arab charter - Essay Example The first Arab Charter was adopted in 1994, but none of the states ratified the charter thus leading to amendments that created the Arab Charter of 2004 in Arab summit in Tunis in 2004. The substantial amendments were done to confirm with the international human rights law on issues such as death penalty, rights of non-citizens and freedoms of expression (Weissbrodt and Vega, 2007). The Arab Charter 2004 came in to force on 16th March 2008 after the ratification of the seventh member state of the Arab league. Article 45 of the Arab Charter establishes the Arab Human rights committee that consists of seven independent member state nationals who are tasked with the supervision of the implementation of the charter and reporting on the progress that each member state has undertaken in giving effect to the rights and freedoms safeguarded by the Arab Charter (Shelton & Wright-Carozza, 2013). The final Arab charter is consistent with European Human rights as reflected in the treaties and op inions of UN experts on human rights (Weissbrodt and Vega, 2007). ... Accordingly, the charter reaffirms the principles of United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United Nations International covenants on political, social and cultural rights and Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (Shelton & Wright-Carozza, 2013). The joint states in Arab charter include the 22 Arab countries, but only 11 have ratified to safeguard the human rights and freedoms guaranteed by the charter. The states that have ratified the charter include Jordan, Algeria, Syria, Palestine, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Libya (Shelton & Wright-Carozza, 2013). Other member states of the League of Arab nations include Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Djibouti, Algeria, Republic of Sudan, Kingdom of Morocco, Egypt, Iraq, the Sultanate of Oman , Libya, Mauritania and Republic of Yemen (Weissbrodt and Vega, 2007). Article 1 of the Arab Charter recognises human rights as a national concern for Arab states and aims at improving human lives in accordance with human values. The Article seeks to ensure citizens have a sense of the national identity, and share common interests with the spirit of brotherhood, tolerance and universal principles of human rights. Article 1 (d) recognises that human rights are indivisible, interrelated and interdependent as outlined by the United Nations Declaration of universal international human rights charter. Article 2 grants the citizens the right to self-determination, right to sovereignty and right to be free from all forms of racism or Zionism, which constitutes impediment to enjoyment of the fundamental human dignity (Shelton & Wright-Carozza, 2013). The Charter is

Assessing Performance and Developing Employees(HRM) Essay

Assessing Performance and Developing Employees(HRM) - Essay Example But it is not perfect; with inaccuracies in the scoring system and subjectivity involved in few parameters it has scope of improvement. ‘Performance Preview’ is one of the methods which Samuel Culbert describes as an approach to better performance reviews. He also talks how this system can improve by putting the CEO right in the front of the steering wheel to see for himself the relationships between bosses and subordinates. The HR is using performance review as its own toy right now and holding up to company secrets, but if there is trust and relationship on the basis on which things can change. The scoring system needs to be more objective with transparency and set rules of how much score can be given when. The subjectivity can be avoided in each BSC parameter by law of averages. Culbert’s views are one of an extremist I feel. Performance review is a real chance where a good subordinate can showcase his work; a good boss can affect positivity and motivation. Obj ectives can be set and continuous improvement can be achieved by a performance review and then continued with a performance preview. Not every boss is motivated by money and not every HR person secretive and conspiring against the subordinate.

Cooperative Learning and Student Achievement Essay

Cooperative Learning and Student Achievement - Essay Example Many studies have indicated that cooperative learning is indeed more beneficial to student achievement than the individualistic approach; however, there are distinctions and conditions that must be met in order for learners to benefit from being involved in cooperative learning (Yamarika, 2007). This essay discusses the benefits and conditions for effective cooperative learning. Benefits of Cooperative Learning Cooperative learning enables students to benefit from the efforts and successes of fellow students, giving each student the chance to contribute to the success and achievement of self and that of others. In addition, it allows students to recognize their abilities by making the contributions of each group member a valuable component of the learning process. Since each student has different talents and abilities, the groups benefit from the contributions of members and each member feels as a valuable component of the team due to the knowledge that the group may not have an idea until one contributes it. Moreover, individual achievement is celebrated by the whole group since group members feel that they played a role in the success, which motivates them to try harder (Yamarika, 2007). Some of the benefits of cooperative learning include: Cooperative learning results in better learning and academic achievement as compared to other learning approaches. Cooperative learning increases retention of content learned in class by students for later application. Students derive greater satisfaction from the learning experience, and they are encouraged to seek more knowledge. Students develop communication skills as they explain the subject matter to others and listen as their peers explain a point. Students develop social skills that are necessary as survival skills after school. Student self-esteem is boosted as students realize that they can learn on their own, and they have knowledge that others do not have. Cooperative learning promotes healthy interactions betw een students from various races, religions and other socioeconomic backgrounds. All these factors have positive effects on a student’s grade, and that is why cooperative learning in schools should be promoted (Roseth, Johnson, & Johnson, 2008). Conditions for Effective Cooperative Learning In order for cooperative learning to be effective, some conditions must be met; failure to meet these conditions may reduce the effectiveness of the approach, or even result in negative results on the learning experience and the performance of learners. If these conditions are met, then cooperative learning proves to be far more an effective approach to learning than individualistic and competitive approaches (Yamarika, 2007). Positive Interdependence Each group member’s contribution is unique and necessary for the success of the group, and members should be encouraged to participate as the input of each of them is directly related to the group achievement. The group should avoid foc using on the contributions of some members and ignoring the contributions or questions of others so that the group can learn as a holistic unit and not as disjointed units of individuals (Johnson & Johnson, 2009). Face-to-face Interaction This allows members to interact directly with each other in the form of oral explanation of concepts, teaching others new knowledge, analysis of level of

Financial Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Financial Analysis - Essay Example The weak market efficiency version is supported for the Pace Plc group based on the information available from the share prices. The share prices have shown fluctuating trends. While compared with those of the trends in the market indices like FTSE 250 index and technology, hardware and equipment index the trends are similar and in some years outperformed the market movements and have not declined significantly, which supports the weak form of market efficiency for the company. Hence based on the analysis in this report, it can be recommended that investors can buy the stocks of the company in spite of the fact that the company has shown poor performance in the context of global economic crisis in 2007. The evidence shows support in favour of improved financial performance in 2008 and 2009 and is still going on increasing. Financial Statements of a company are intended to give valuable information about the financial health of the company to its owner investors and lenders (Tracy, 2004). In other words, they are supposed to give information about the financial position, performance and changes in financial position of the company. In this report, the financial performance of Pace Plc listed in the London Stock Exchange is analyzed. The objective of the study is to analyze the financial performance of the group and to recommend whether or not to invest in the company’s shares based on the analysis. The financial performance is analyzed using financial ratio analysis and share price analysis. This report is organized as follows. Section 2 discusses the company history and business. Section 3 discusses the methodology. Section 4 discusses the analysis and results. Section 5 concludes the report. Pace Plc is one of the most famous digital TV technology developers in the pay TV industry, with its headquarters in Saltaire, UK (Pace Plc, 2009a). It was founded in 1982. It has

A Report On Leadership: Abraham Lincoln

A Report On Leadership: Abraham Lincoln In 1841 Lincoln married to Mary Todd and he had two children Robert Todd Lincoln and Edward Barker Lincoln. Edward Barker Lincoln died because of tuberculosis and then there was a birth of Willie, even Willie died of a fever. Then Lincolns fourth son Tad was born and outlived his father, but even he also died at the age of 18. This made him upset a lot and he also suffered from clinical depression. Lincoln was successful in becoming the President of United States in 1860. Being a president he concentrated on the military and political dimension of the war, he was always trying to reunify the nation because of doing this he experienced unprecedented war powers. Lincoln closely supervised the war especially in selecting the top generals, he brought leaders of both different parties into is cabinet and pressured them to coordinate. Under the leadership of Lincoln the union took control of board of slave states at begin of the war to capture confederated capital at Richmond and he was succeeded in 1865. As the leader of Republican Party, he was attacked from all sides few people were seeing him as an enemy. Lincoln fought back strongly. After the surrender by confederate army he became victim to an assassin. He was the first president to suffer such a fate. The journey to his destination was filled with hurdles and sorrows. But this road to success would definitely remain inspirational to anybody who would aspire to become a leader. Lincoln entered into the political world and soon became a much loved among Republicans and nominated Lincoln as a candidate for president. Through a series of events, a once illiterate individual became the most powerful person in the U.S Those were the days which had in store for this aspired leader a bag of failures. He failed in business, lost election to the state legislature, speaker of the house, nomination for congress, appointment of land officer, twice to the US senate and nomination for vice president. These failures would have left any person other than Lincoln disheartened and de motivated. But the commendable part of this great man is that it was after all these failures he was elected as a president of the nation which is walking with its head high even to this day. He played a significant role during the civil war in ending slavery and in unifying the nation. At the time of American Revolution there were 1 million African slaves in the colonies, agriculture economy was largely dependent on their labor. Anybody who wanted to end slavery would not take any step towards it because slavery was the key to producing cotton which led to industrial revolution and capitalization. Karl Marx then wrote without slavery, there would be no cotton, without cotton there would be no modern industry. The American Civil War which broke out in the year 1861 was the front seat for Lincoln towards abolition of slavery and turning the union army into the army of liberation. He enforced emancipation proclamation in 1865 in southern states where blacks and slavery formed a major part. Lincoln was forced to withdraw emancipation by his Republican Party members with a fear that he would not be re-elected. Adhering to his decision he said if ever he would withdraw then he should deserve to be damned in time and eternity. He was of the opinion that if slavery is not wrong then nothing is wrong. The major effect of emancipation was on the northern whites esp. soldiers of union army. He was successful in bringing one black in every 10 soldiers thereby creating and enlarging their space among the whites. What started as a war to preserve the Union now became a battle to end slavery. Approximately two hundred thousand African Americans fought for the Union cause. In American history no president ever faced a greater crisis and no President ever accomplished as much Lincoln did. Abraham Lincoln understood that for the U.S. to be a great nation, it required to be united and should be free from the sins of slavery. A moral nation that boasts life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness for all cannot be masters of human beings. With an iron resolve, patience and careful timing, Lincoln gave back an America that was indeed free and whole. (http://books.google.co.in/books?id=Epsf5z_bL6UCprintsec=frontcoverdq=abraham+lincoln+biographyhl=enei=izwGTbqDI8TprAfou5SRDwsa=Xoi=book_resultct=book-thumbnailresnum=1ved=0CDcQ6wEwAA#v=onepageqf=false) (http://www.usafis.org/newsletter/Abraham_lincoln.asp?af=) (http://www.dailynewarticles.com/article/450/69011/Abe_Lincoln_An_Extraordinary_Leader.html) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln) QUALITIES EXPECTED: The ability for being a leader in his own field is not an inborn talent its the result of the number of years being spent in ones life exploring oneself and the world. It is in this due course that he starts understanding his own needs and characteristics and also of the fellow participants. In the mean time he builds confidence and trust among his team mates. Being a leader doesnt mean doing it all by yourself to prove your capability on the task, it is controlling the group and leading them in the right direction. A group works together can be best when everybody is headed in the same direction. If a plan has to be properly carried out somebody must lead the effort. An effective leader is a one, who has following qualities. Creating an inspiring vision of future. Inspiring and motivating people towards that vision. Managing delivery of vision. Coaches and builds a team to achieve that vision. Creating an inspiring vision of future In any field a vision is practical, convincing and attractive illustration of where you want to be in the future. Vision provides direction in achieving it. Once there is a vision, leaders must make them compelling and realistic. A compelling vision is one that people can understand, feel and embrace the vision. Effective leaders are one who provides a rich picture of how the future looks like. They try to tell stories and explain their vision in the ways the people can understand and cope up with him. Inspiring and motivating people towards that vision. A vision provides the foundation for leadership, but its ability of the leaders to inspire and motivate the people to help them to drive the vision. Here the people respect and believe in leaders because these leaders are expert in what they do, because these leaders would have earned the right to ask people to listen to them and follow them. This helps leaders to inspire and motivate the people to achieve the vision. Managing delivery of vision This is where management comes to picture. Here, the leadership relates to management by knowing which approach is batter and when you need to apply it is the key to effective leadership. To achieve the vision leaders must ensure that the work required to deliver that vision is managed and they should ensure that the vision is successful. Coaches and builds a team to achieve that vision. A leader must ensure that the team members have all the skills and abilities to achieve their vision. They do this by taking and giving the feedback regularly. Leadership also includes looking out for leadership qualities in others. So that by developing the leadership qualities within your team, where you can create an environment where you can be successful in the long term continuously. (http://www.mindtools.com/pages/Newsletters/08Jun10.htm) Qualities that made Abraham Lincoln a great leader, where we have to look out in present day leaders are, Capacity to listen to different points of view Where, Lincoln had a capacity to listen to different points of view and he created a climate where the cabinet members were free to disagree without any fear and give their opinion. At the same time Lincoln knew when to stop the discussion and make the final decision, by taking various opinions from his cabinet members. Ability to learn on the job Lincoln was able to learn from is mistake, acknowledge errors and the move from it. Willingness to share credit for success When there was success Lincoln shared the credit with all members who were involved in it, without taking the credit of success to his own. Willingness to share blame for failure Lincoln spoke up and indicated that he and his entire cabinet were to blame in case of any wrong decision taken. Lincoln stood up for them, when there was a mistake made by his cabinet members. Ability to control emotions When he was working with his cabinet members sometimes he use get angry and frustrated when there was a argument or any bad decision, so he found a way to come out of these emotions. He use sit and write what he referred as hot letter to the individual he was angry with and set the letter aside. Lincoln fallowed this kind of gesture to let the individual know that he was not holing any grudge. Awareness of own weaknesses and strength Lincoln had known his weakness and strength, the weakness acknowledge by Lincoln was his tendency to give people too many chances as he was well aware of how to compensate to his weakness. Know to how to relax and replenish Lincoln always encouraged a healthy atmosphere around him. He understood the importance of relaxation and come out of stress of the day, so that he could concentrate and challenge himself to the next day. Go out into the field and manage directly When there was a civil war going on, many soldiers died and there was lot of ups and downs. Lincoln use to visit the battlefield and hospitals to boost their morale and he use to spend time talking to members of the public, taking their opinion. He always use to maintain a close public relation. Strength to adhere to fundamental goals Lincoln was always firm on his decision making. As when the war was not going well for the north, members of his political party came to Lincoln and said there was no chance to win and he need to give up on slavery. But Lincoln held firm on his decision and turned away from their advice. Ability to communicate goals and vision Abraham Lincoln understood that for the U.S. to be a great nation, it required to be united and should be free from the sins of slavery. He first created an inspiring vision and goals of the future and he was successful in inspiring and motivating the people in achieving that vision. Lincoln was very good in managing and delivery of the vision, he ensured that the vision what was in his mind is managed properly and ensured that the vision and goals are successful. LEADERSHIP ROLES Some of the important leadership roles which coexist in same person where he should be, The Exemplar or Alpha Member The Visionary The Fixer The Connecter The Enforcer The Facilitator The Exemplar or Alpha Member The exemplar or Alpha Member, they are the role models that others imitate. Their role may be just a symbolic even ceremonial but important. They are one who sets an example for others, they are successful and charismatic founders. The Visionary The visionary leader role is to have vision of the future and thinking what is limiting the present and show what will be possible in the future. The visionary leaders should always imagine new possibilities and creating a new facts and realities. Therefore these visionary leaders play a critical role in moving people to new directions. The Fixer The role of the fixer is, an individual who knows how to get things done and measure on not just how many people they know, but how they can get them done which others cannot. The Connector They are the network leaders, who participate in multiple social networks. They are connected not only with a large number of members but also with highly diverse number of members as well. These are the one who have numerous connections and contacts for being complete networkers. Somewhat like the visionary leaders they introduce variety and options into the network. The Enforcer In large networks it is an independent role. Enforcement can mean physical force, but its more often of psychological pressure. It is a very critical for overall network effectiveness. The Facilitator In the process of network to evolve and grow, it should able to add new members. The role of the facilitator is important in creating communities which provide a great form of network value. It resembles more of a community coordinator, which helps in development of communities of practice. This method is developed for helping to create and influence knowledge. Abraham Lincoln not only played an important role as an exemplar, visionary, connector, fixer, enforcer and facilitator during the civil war but also in the events preceding the war. Lincoln had to deal with issues of southern states seceding and also to outbreak of civil war. In conducting the civil war Lincoln had to successfully address array of specific and inter related issues, if union victory was to be attained. These include marshalling the American economy to meet the incredible war needs of several million soldiers, raising a citizens army of volunteers willing to be trained and die for the union, adopting war strategies for the union army, handling foreign affairs, and dealing with the problem of slavery without destroying the democratic freedoms upon which the nation was founded. As you can see Abraham Lincoln played quite an important role not just in one part of the Civil War but in a wide variety of areas. I believe that Lincolns dealings before and during the War not only changed the course of the United States but also saved it. (http://mybestessays.com/role-of-abraham-lincoln-in-civil-war/) CONCLUSION Abraham Lincolns story tells us that he was an incredible human being who started his life from nothing and went on to be a greatest U.S. president, he is one of the influential men in history. He is one of the finest examples of determination of doing something in life and achieving it. Although he faced countless defeats throughout his life, like he lost eight elections and also failed in business in many times. Because of this he could have quitted many times, but he dint. Instead, after each defeat he would come back hard and press forward until he achieved his goals. In American history no president ever faced a greater crisis and no President ever accomplished as much. Lincoln understood that for the U.S. to be a great nation, it needed to be united and free from the sins of slavery. A moral nation that boasts life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness for all cannot be masters of human beings. With an iron resolve, patience and careful timing, Lincoln gave back an America that was indeed free and whole. If we will have to make a note of what qualities of Lincoln have made him a leader whom people admire even after 200 years is the self confidence which he had that made him to surround himself by people better known than he was, his ability to absorb and listen to what people were thinking and feeling. He could see both the sides of any issue. He had the ability to acknowledge his errors, learn from mistakes, shoulder the responsibility and his never give up attitude for the failure. To evaluate talent as a leader some of those emotional strengths are equally important to actual success. As Peter Drucker said Leadership is the lifting of a mans vision to higher sights, the raising of a mans performance to a higher standard, the building of a mans personality beyond its normal limitations. (http://www.the-happy-manager.com/leadership-quotes.html) Abraham Lincoln proved himself by creating a status to all the 11 states freeing them from slavery lifting their visions up to a level equivalent to that of northern whites. Lincoln did not free the slaves, but the slavery had overcome because of the struggle and sacrifices of millions people Black as well as Whites. Here, Lincoln played an important role, he deserved to be remembered as one of the great struggles for freedom in history. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/3607.html http://books.google.co.in/books?id=Epsf5z_bL6UCprintsec=frontcoverdq=abraham+lincoln+biographyhl=enei=izwGTbqDI8TprAfou5SRDwsa=Xoi=book_resultct=book-thumbnailresnum=1ved=0CDcQ6wEwAA#v=onepageqf=false http://www.usafis.org/newsletter/Abraham_lincoln.asp?af= http://www.dailynewarticles.com/article/450/69011/Abe_Lincoln_An_Extraordinary_Leader.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln http://www.mindtools.com/pages/Newsletters/08Jun10.htm http://hr.blr.com/whitepapers/Staffing-Training/Leadership/10-Qualities-that-Made-Abraham-Lincoln-a-Great-Lea/ http://www.the-happy-manager.com/leadership-quotes.html http://mybestessays.com/role-of-abraham-lincoln-in-civil-war/ A Report on LEADERSHIP By: Darshan Kumar. B.L Men make history and not the other way around. In periods where there is no leadership, society stands still. Progress occurs when courageous, skillful leaders seize the opportunity to change things for the better. Harry Truman. (http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/3607.html) ABRAHAM LINCOLN Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809. He was the second child of Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Lincoln. When he was 9, his mother died and his father married to Sarah Bush Johnston. Lincoln became very close to her and uses to call her mother. Lincoln father was not very successful Kentucky frontiersman and carpenter, he has to struggle for living. Lincoln regretted his fathers lack of education and did not like the hard labor connected with is life. But he took all the responsibilities of home as he was the male in the house hold. In 1841 Lincoln married to Mary Todd and he had two children Robert Todd Lincoln and Edward Barker Lincoln. Edward Barker Lincoln died because of tuberculosis and then there was a birth of Willie, even Willie died of a fever. Then Lincolns fourth son Tad was born and outlived his father, but even he also died at the age of 18. This made him upset a lot and he also suffered from clinical depression. As the saying goes, any great personalities past life would not be a bed of roses; same was the case with this black president of US. The man with high imagination, who decided to engage in a head-to-head war for the survival of his country as a union, had a humble beginning. The poverty in the life of early Lincoln made himself educated rather being formally educated giving him a greater positive insight towards life. The fumes in early Lincoln against slavery was lit into fire by the time he attained his late teens and helped him begin his political career at an early age of 23 with a campaign for the Illinois General Assembly. Lincoln was successful in becoming the President of United States in 1860. Being a president he concentrated on the military and political dimension of the war, he was always trying to reunify the nation because of doing this he experienced unprecedented war powers. Lincoln closely supervised the war especially in selecting the top generals, he brought leaders of both different parties into is cabinet and pressured them to coordinate. Under the leadership of Lincoln the union took control of board of slave states at begin of the war to capture confederated capital at Richmond and he was succeeded in 1865. As the leader of Republican Party, he was attacked from all sides few people were seeing him as an enemy. Lincoln fought back strongly. After the surrender by confederate army he became victim to an assassin. He was the first president to suffer such a faith. The journey to his destination was filled with hurdles and sorrows. But this road to success would definitely remain inspirational to anybody who would aspire to become a leader. He entered into the political world and soon became a favorite among Republicans and nominated him as a candidate for president. Through a series of events, a once illiterate individual became the most powerful person in the U.S Those were the days which had in store for this aspired leader a bag of failures. He failed in business, lost election to the state legislature, speaker of the house, nomination for congress, appointment of land officer, twice to the US senate and nomination for vice president. These failures would have left any person other than Lincoln disheartened and de motivated. But the commendable part of this great man is that it was after all these failures he was elected as a president of the nation which is walking with its head high even to this day. He played a significant role during the civil war in ending slavery and in unifying the nation. At the time of American Revolution there were 1 million African slaves in the colonies, agriculture economy was largely dependent on their labor. Anybody who wanted to end slavery would not take any step towards it because slavery was the key to producing cotton which led to industrial revolution and capitalization. Karl Marx then wrote without slavery, there would be no cotton, without cotton there would be no modern industry. The American Civil War which broke out in the year 1861 was the front seat for Lincoln towards abolition of slavery and turning the union army into the army of liberation. He enforced emancipation proclamation in 1865 in southern states where blacks and slavery formed a major part. Lincoln was forced to withdraw emancipation by his Republican Party members with a fear that he would not be re-elected. Adhering to his decision he said if ever he would withdraw then he should deserve to be damned in time and eternity. He was of the opinion that if slavery is not wrong then nothing is wrong. The major effect of emancipation was on the northern whites esp. soldiers of union army. He was successful in bringing one black in every 10 soldiers thereby creating and enlarging their space among the whites. What started as a war to preserve the Union now became a battle to end slavery. Nearly two hundred thousand African Americans fought for the Union cause. No President in American history ever faced a greater crisis and no President ever accomplished as much. Lincoln understood that for the U.S. to be a great nation, it needed to be united and free from the sins of slavery. A moral nation that boasts life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness for all cannot be masters of human beings. With an iron resolve, patience and careful timing, Lincoln gave back an America that was indeed free and whole. (http://books.google.co.in/books?id=Epsf5z_bL6UCprintsec=frontcoverdq=abraham+lincoln+biographyhl=enei=izwGTbqDI8TprAfou5SRDwsa=Xoi=book_resultct=book-thumbnailresnum=1ved=0CDcQ6wEwAA#v=onepageqf=false) (http://www.usafis.org/newsletter/Abraham_lincoln.asp?af=) (http://www.dailynewarticles.com/article/450/69011/Abe_Lincoln_An_Extraordinary_Leader.html) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln) QUALITIES EXPECTED: The ability for being a leader in his own field is not an inborn talent its the result of the number of years being spent in ones life exploring oneself and the world. It is in this due course that he starts understanding his own needs and characteristics and also of the fellow participants. In the mean time he builds confidence and trust among his team mates. Being a leader doesnt mean doing it all by yourself to prove your capability on the task, it is controlling the group and leading them in the right direction. A group works together can be best when everybody is headed in the same direction. If a plan has to be properly carried out somebody must lead the effort. An effective leader is a one, who has following qualities. Creating an inspiring vision of future. Inspiring and motivating people towards that vision. Managing delivery of vision. Coaches and builds a team to achieve that vision. Creating an inspiring vision of future In any field a vision is practical, convincing and attractive illustration of where you want to be in the future. Vision provides direction in achieving it. Once there is a vision, leaders must make them compelling and realistic. A compelling vision is one that people can understand, feel and embrace the vision. Effective leaders are one who provides a rich picture of how the future looks like. They try to tell stories and explain their vision in the ways the people can understand and cope up with him. Inspiring and motivating people towards that vision. A vision provides the foundation for leadership, but its ability of the leaders to inspire and motivate the people to help them to drive the vision. Here the people respect and believe in leaders because these leaders are expert in what they do, because these leaders would have earned the right to ask people to listen to them and follow them. This helps leaders to inspire and motivate the people to achieve the vision. Managing delivery of vision This is where management comes to picture. Here, the leadership relates to management by knowing which approach is batter and when you need to apply it is the key to effective leadership. To achieve the vision leaders must ensure that the work required to deliver that vision is managed and they should ensure that the vision is successful. Coaches and builds a team to achieve that vision. A leader must ensure that the team members have all the skills and abilities to achieve their vision. They do this by taking and giving the feedback regularly. Leadership also includes looking out for leadership qualities in others. So that by developing the leadership qualities within your team, where you can create an environment where you can be successful in the long term continuously. (http://www.mindtools.com/pages/Newsletters/08Jun10.htm) Qualities that made Abraham Lincoln a great leader, where we have to look out in present day leaders are, Capacity to listen to different points of view Where, Lincoln had a capacity to listen to different points of view and he created a climate where the cabinet members were free to disagree without any fear and give their opinion. At the same time Lincoln knew when to stop the discussion and make the final decision, by taking various opinions from his cabinet members. Ability to learn on the job Lincoln was able to learn from is mistake, acknowledge errors and the move from it. Willingness to share credit for success When there was success Lincoln shared the credit with all members who were involved in it, without taking the credit of success to his own. Willingness to share blame for failure Lincoln spoke up and indicated that he and his entire cabinet were to blame in case of any wrong decision taken. Lincoln stood up for them, when there was a mistake made by his cabinet members. Ability to control emotions When he was working with his cabinet members sometimes he use get angry and frustrated when there was a argument or any bad decision, so he found a way to come out of these emotions. He use sit and write what he referred as hot letter to the individual he was angry with and set the letter aside. Lincoln fallowed this kind of gesture to let the individual know that he was not holing any grudge. Awareness of own weaknesses and strength Lincoln had known his weakness and strength, the weakness acknowledge by Lincoln was his tendency to give people too many chances as he was well aware of how to compensate to his weakness. Know to how to relax and replenish Lincoln always encouraged a healthy atmosphere around him. He understood the importance of relaxation and come out of stress of the day, so that he could concentrate and challenge himself to the next day. Go out into the field and manage directly When there was a civil war going on, many soldiers died and there was lot of ups and downs. Lincoln use to visit the battlefield and hospitals to boost their morale and he use to spend time talking to members of the public, taking their opinion. He always use to maintain a close public relation. Strength to adhere to fundamental goals Lincoln was always firm on his decision making. As when the war was not going well for the north, members of his political party came to Lincoln and said there was no chance to win and he need to give up on slavery. But Lincoln held firm on his decision and turned away from their advice. Ability to communicate goals and vision Abraham Lincoln understood that for the U.S. to be a great nation, it needed to be united and free from the sins of slavery. He first created an inspiring vision and goals of the future and he was successful in inspiring and motivating the people in achieving that vision. Lincoln was very good in managing and delivery of the vision, he ensured that the vision what was in his mind is managed properly and ensured that the vision and goals are successful. (http://hr.blr.com/whitepapers/Staffing-Training/Leadership/10-Qualities-that-Made-Abraham-Lincoln-a-Great-Lea/) LEADERSHIP ROLES Some of the important leadership roles which coexist in same person where he should be, The Exemplar or Alpha Member The Visionary The Fixer The Connecter The Enforcer The Facilitator The Exemplar or Alpha Member The exemplar or Alpha Member, they are the role models that others imitate. Their role may be just a symbolic even ceremonial but important. They are one who sets an example for others, they are successful and charismatic founders. The Visionary The visionary leader role is to have vision of the future and thinking what is limiting the present and show what will be possible in the future. The visionary leaders should always imagine new possibilities and creating a new facts and realities. Therefore these visionary leaders play a critical role in moving people to new directions. The Fixer The role of the fixer is, an individual who knows how to get things done and measure on not just how many people they know, but how they can get them done which others cannot. The Connector They are the network leaders, who participate in multiple social networks. They are connected not only with a large number of members but also with highly diverse number of members as well. These are the one who have numerous connections and contacts for being complete networkers. Somewhat like the visionary leaders they introduce variety and options into the network. The Enforcer In large networks it is an independent role. Enforcement can mean physical force, but its more often of psychological pressure. It is a very critical for overall network effectiveness. The Facilitator In the process of network to evolve and grow, it should able to add new members. The ro