Claudius Speech - Hamlet Essay Example for Free

Claudius Speech Hamlet Essay Claudius, the former ruler, husband of his sister and brother of the recently perished king gives a speech at the beginning of Act I. II of Hamlet. Shakespeare’s use of literary devices allows the reader to comprehend the intentions behind Claudius’s figurative language within his coronation speech. The opening scene in Hamlet portrays Denmark to currently be critically unstable and with militaristic chaos; however, in Claudius’s speech he disposes that idea and conveys confidence in the stability of the nation. This chronological set up introduces the theme of appearance vs.  reality as Claudius efforts to manipulate the kingdom into trusting that he has everything under control is carried mischievously yet successfully throughout his speech. Aware of the presence of the rightful king, young Hamlet, Claudius commences his speech with an ambiguous line that strikes the attention of Hamlet. Once he is aware of young Hamlet’s attention, he continues to approach the courthouse. He seemingly shows a state of grief as he acknowledges his dead brother. â€Å" My dear brother’s death† the use of alliteration makes us aware that Claudius has used that line several times before in order to show a sign of loss. He wants to appear that has suffered too from this death, he mentions that â€Å" the memory be green† this metaphor is placed to represent the idea that the memory is fresh and it has not been long since he perished, while also leaving a gruesome image of the old kings decomposing body. His first use of anti-thesis is then exposed in line 6, when he mentions â€Å" the wisest sorrows† in that line he is understanding those in grief but reminding them to think of themselves and the future of Denmark instead. After respectfully mentioning the death of Hamlet, and expressing his condolence to the kingdom he deceitfully moves on to the second important announcement: his wedding. Uneasy, Claudius is trying to go about his speech like a metaphorical obstacle course hoping there is no interference or opposition, while still being able to appear as confident. Efficaciously, he presents his marriage â€Å" Therefore our sometime sister, now our queen, Th’ imperial jointress to this warlike state. † Using the state of war as his alaby to the marriage of his brother’s wife he is able to convince the courthouse that it is for the greater good and that his actions are a form of self-sacrifice for the nation. Continuing to justify his marriage as a cause and affect matrimony instead of acts of incest he mentions the â€Å" mirth in funeral † and â€Å"dirge in marriage†. This literary device is important within his speech because it is his second antithesis, and a paradoxical clause. In this he is suggesting that he brought happiness to this sad event for the benefit of his people. â€Å"In equal scale, weighing delight and dole† Claudius is trying to banish the aura of unsteadiness and declares balance. He makes up for the sorrow of his dead brother, by marrying his sister. Even though it is an obvious unusual event, Claudius reflects enough confidence as king and successfully manages avoid any opposition. A good strategy used was his the frequent use of â€Å" we†. This indicated that the king was not only speaking for himself, but he was speaking for everyone like a good statesman would. In reality however, he was doing so to make everyone aware that it was of â€Å" better wisdoms† to agree with him, and that those with worst wisdoms would not face good consequences. Claudius gently expresses his supreme control over Denmark and threatens anyone who dares oppose him in a non-aggressive way. He later finalizes the topic of marriage by dismissing the awkward topic of the table like a typical political â€Å" For all, our thanks† As king, Claudius then addresses the issues with Norway. Assertively, he informs the kingdom of his plan of action. He repeats the line â€Å" dear brother’s death† giving it little sentimental value. He then quickly states that Norway believes that Denmark is â€Å" disjoint and out of frame. † He assures the courthouse that the case is not so, and that they will successfully deal with Fortibras. The irony behind that is that Denmark is weak, regardless of what Claudius wants his people to believe. In order to seem like a man of action Claudius puts his future plan forward â€Å" Thus much the business is we have here writ to Norway, uncle of young Fortibras. † By doing that he convinces many that he is a potent king. Writing to Norway makes him seem like he is aware of what he is doing and that the nation does not need to worry. To complement his assurance he appoints two messengers to deliver a letter, this is significantly important because his objective is to prove to the court that he trusts his officials, ironically thought, he is purposely sending two people incase of a betrayal. Claudius’s speech had a successful outcome. He was able to gently hide his inner insecurities and expose himself as a good statesman and valiant leader. His word usage was essential to the deliverance of his speech as it allowed him to get his awkward points across like unusual marriage to his sister. His use of antithesis did make the reader question the sincerity of his grief, but it did not seem to affect the opinion of the courthouse. He showed clear superiority over everyone within the courthouse, especially Hamlet, while making himself clear that he would not tolerate any disagreement of his coronation. Most importantly, he put an action plan forward and proved himself as king.

Sara Lee Retrenchment Strategy

Sara Lee Retrenchment Strategy In order to focus on being more profitable in designated industries, Sara Lee reduced its business units in 2006. A total of eight businesses had been retrenched and divested, which included, direct selling, U.S. retail coffee, European apparel, European nuts snacks, European rice, U.S. meat snacks, and European meats and Sara Lee apparel (site case study). Sara Lee expected to obtain approximately $3 billion net after proceed from divesting those businesses. Five of Sara Lees divest businesses had negative net profit margins as well as negative operating margins. Four of the five businesses had a negative margin greater than 10%. The other businesses were declining in revenues at an accelerating rate, prior to the strategic decision to divest in them. One of Sara Lees strategic goals was to increase sales by two percent in addition to increasing the profit margins to 12% by the year 2010; a company goal to increase sales nearly $14 billion. In order to do this, Sara Lee had to focu s solely on the goods, beverage, and product household industry, areas where profitability flourishes. This also allowed the organization to follow a strategy that would provide them with the necessary resources to increase corporate profits, as opposed to being unprofitable before. Since 1939, the Sara Lee Corporation has maintained their vision which identifies they want to and plan to be the first choice to their customers and consumers all over the world by innovative ideas, and continuous improvement (Sara Lee website). Sara Lees mission focuses on delighting consumers every day. Sara Lee has also employed a differentiation strategy, and diversifying by acquisition. What was very creative on the organizations part was launching an initiative called Project Accelerate. In 2008, Project Accelerate was launched and is a program designed to reduce costs and increase productivity. To do this, the company had to focus on overhead cost, reform its supply chain and outsource. This program was projected to save up to $400 million by the end of 2012. In 2010 alone, Project Accelerate saved Sara Lee nearly $180 million. Within a three-year period, management also bought back close to $3 billion in common shares (site case study). Unfortunately, by the end of 2010, Sara Lee only obtained revenue of just $10.8 billion. The company then dissociated the international household and body care business. Sara Lee continued its same strategy: employing broad differentiation strategy. It does not specify in this case study or on their website if the goal was to have the lowest priced products, but the idea of differentiating from other brands allow Sara Lee to show value of their brand and provide high quality products. After the retrenchments, Sara Lee focused more on food beverage, and food service, in which their fresh bread sales, for an example, increase to over $600 million within a three year time period. This increase was due Sara Lees grocery-store and fast-food restaurant leverages. Sara Lee had a strong market share in that particular area of the industry and eventually beverage profits increased, international products increased, and low-calorie desserts met the needs of consumers all over the world. Since Sara Lee has a successful business strategy that focuses on product innovation and customer demand, its products have been successful in many business markets. In addition, displayed under the Sara Lees Matrixes,' Sara Lees retrenchment strategy of their 8 business units have help the business future prosperities. Strategically, Sara Lees decision to retrench eight business units was in the best interest of the company, and as a result they have strong, successful products in food within many retail and food-service industries. In addition they were also able to have a strong meat service business, which yield to cost savings without compromising on quality and customer, consumer, and company relationships. As far as the beverage and bread products, Sara Lee is near 50% of their profits; and selling to local retailers can expand successful profitability through international countries such as North America and Europe, who are heavy bread, coffee and tea consumers. Gearing back to the case study, Sara Lees intentions was to retrench business units that were not useful toward the direction that the company wanted to go. Doing so allowed Sara Lee to focus more on food, beverage and household products. Their objectives were met and continually to meet by the increasing sales, profitability and even market shares through their competitive pricing, strong brands and innovation ideas/concepts. One recommendation includes Sara Lee focusing on beverage products internationally. Sara Lee can start out by selling beverages to local retailers internationally and model closely behind their strategy for their food-service industries and utilize the knowledge and network gained from that. The second recommend includes focusing more on North America because they contributed to the 86% of the profits back in 2010. So Sara Lee must re-evaluate the profitability in selling those single-serve coffees pods (Senseo) and gear them towards the United States. A third recommendation would be Sara Lee expanding its household products, not body care products. Sara Lee should tap into and expand its air freshener brand because there is a great market share for it in the United States and Europe. Consumers automatically assume that the air fresheners will be of similar smell to the desserts and breads that Sara Lee makes. Can you imagine walking into a house that smells like warmed apple pie, or banana nut bread? Air fresheners can satisfy consumers who indulge desserts as they have a sweet tooth, or consumers who refrain from many desserts for dietary reasons, but would definitely enjoy the aroma around the house. Another household product could be insecticides that can be useful a nd affordable in many countries, including Africa. Providing this product can help improve farming, which trickles down to the items that we eat, a food-service beverage industry that Sara Lee plans to continue its markets and profitability in. Introducing new products to the market can refrain from any significant loss in business units currently and in the future.

Elvis Presley Essay -- essays research papers

ELVIS PRESLEY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Well a hard headed woman† Elvis Presley sang into the mike as he wildly strummed his guitar. Elvis Aaron Presley was born on January 8th,,1935 in Tupelo, Mississippi. His parents, Vernon and Gladys were poor farmers who had strong religious backgrounds. They raised Elvis in Tupelo where he learned how to sing and developed his guitar playing skills. Elvis did not have many friends growing up as a kid. His best friend was his guitar, which he picked up at age 11. When Elvis turned 13, his parents moved him to Memphis, Tennessee, where he attended Humes High School until 1953. Music was not Elvis’s first job. During his teens he worked as an usher and a truck driver. Elvis was driving down the road in his truck one day when he saw a sign that said RECORD MUSIC-FOUR SONGS FOR TWO DOLLARS. Elvis decided that he should see where he could take this opportunity. He went into the studio and recorded two songs for his mother. Elvis enjoyed recording and singing and began to send his tapes to managers. One manager, Colonel Tom Parker, enjoyed the sound of Elvis’s voice and decided to take on the young singer. Elvis kept recording and recording and sending and sending until finally he recorded two hits, â€Å"That’s All Right Mama† and â€Å"Blue Moon of Kentucky.† A sensation was born. In 1956 Elvis recorded â€Å"Heartbreak Hotel†, his first number one hit. The hits began to come in the dozens. â€Å"Hound d og†, â€Å"Don’t Be C...

OZONE DEPLETION BY HUMAN’S ACTIONS Essay -- Essays Papers

OZONE DEPLETION BY HUMAN’S ACTIONS The ozone layer is a very important component in the atmosphere. Ozone is not the same as the oxygen humans breathe. There is very little of this gas in the atmosphere. First off, let’s begin with a definition of the ozone layer. Ozone is a hot, slightly bluish gas. It is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms, which are very similar to the molecule we are familiar with (O2), the molecule needed for human respiration. Despite the major smog problem, about 90 percent of Earth’s ozone are actually in the stratosphere, a layer of the atmosphere far above the Earth’s surface. It lies above the troposhere, the miles-thick lower layer where air is densest and where most weather occurs. So, it is evident that the ozone layer plays a vital role in what happens to the lives of humans. The presence of the ozone layer in our atmosphere is of vital importance to everything in the Earth. There are two types of ozone, "good ozone" and "bad ozone." Ozone in the stratosphere is referred to as being "good ozone," because it shields Earth from destructive ultraviolet radiation. The remaining 10 percent of the ozone, the "bad ozone," lie closely to the planet’s surface, in the troposhere, where at certain areas it is harmful to the public's health and welfare (Turekian 1). Even so, ozone is even more abundant in the stratosphere than in the troposphere (Walker2). It is important for everyone to know that ozone molecules overall are very rare in the Earth’s atmosphere. Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun. That makes ozone an essential defense in protecting humans against the UV-B wavelengths, which can pose the greatest threats of biological damage. Further Website resea... ...e, 1998<o:p </o:p Thompson<o:p </o:p "Links"<o:p </o:p Thompson<o:p </o:p Turekian<o:p </o:p "Links"<o:p </o:p "Links"<o:p </o:p Turekian<o:p </o:p Lutgens<o:p </o:p "Links"<o:p </o:p "Links"</o:p WORKS CITED Links Between Global Warming and Ozone Depletion http://www.ozone.org/<o:p </o:p <o:p </o:p Lutgens, Frederick, and Edward Tarbuck. The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1979<o:p </o:p <o:p </o:p Thompson, Russell D. Atmospheric Processes and Systems New York: Routledge, 1998<o:p </o:p <o:p </o:p Turekian, Karl K. Global Environmental Change: Past, Present, and Future New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1996<o:p </o:p <o:p </o:p Walker, James C.G. Evolution of the Atmosphere New York: Macmillan, 1977

George Carlin :: essays research papers

Carlin, George 1938 -- Comedian, actor, writer. Born May 12, 1937, in the Bronx, New York. Carlin and his younger brother, Pat, were primarily raised by their mother in Manhattan’s Morningside Heights section. Mary Carlin, a devout Irish Catholic, worked as a secretary to support her children after the death of her husband in 1940. Carlin attended parochial school and much of his negative religious sentiment stems from his experience as a Roman Catholic altar boy. Carlin completed two years of high school before dropping out. At age 17, he enlisted in the U.S. Air Force as a computer mechanic and was stationed at Shreveport, Louisiana. Over the next three years, Carlin earned his high school equivalency and moonlighted as a disc jockey at a local Louisiana radio station. In 1959, Carlin teamed up with Texas newscaster, Jack Burns. The pair collaborated on a morning radio show in Fort Worth before relocating to Hollywood, where they attracted the attention of the legendary Lenny Bruce. Bruce helped Burns and Carlin secure appearances on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Burns and Carlin eventually split up, and over the next few years Carlin continued to make numerous appearances on The Tonight Show, as well as, The Merv Griffin Show. In the early 1960s, Carlin got his start as a stand-up comic by performing on the Las Vegas circuit and entertaining TV audiences. Carlin enjoyed moderate success until the mid-70s when he re-invented his image and adopted a less conventional, somewhat vulgar comedy routine. Carlin’s scripted monologues began to represent his disillusioned attitude toward the world in which explored the highly sensitive issues of Vietnam and the right to free speech. In July of 1972, Carlin was arrested for violating obscenity laws after his infamous routine â€Å"Seven Words You Can Never Say on Television.† As a self-professed atheist and avid cocaine user, his adversaries deemed him anti-religious and disrespectful of society. However, the comedian’s new material brought him success from the younger counterculture. Carlin illustrated his anti-establishment views by being the first host of the risque TV show Saturday Night Live. In 1990, Carlin compiled a multi-CD set that highlighted his work from the 70s, titled George Carlin: The Little David Years (1971-77) (1990). The collection included the albums: FM & AM, Class Clown, Occupation: Foole, Toledo Window Box, An Evening With Wally Londo Featuring Slaszo, and On the Road. Carlin received two Grammy Awards for FM & AM (1990) and Jammin’ in New York (1992).

Listening Task Study

Listening Task Study Listening and note taking †¢Listen carefully each time. †¢Make notes of what you hear. Better to have too many notes than not enough. †¢Be sure to take down quotes or language used in the text. †¢Have a shorthand system that is meaningful to you. †¢Use arrows to show linked ideas. Answering questions †¢Use the amount of marks appointed to the question as a guide to how much information is required. 1 mark = 1 piece of information. †¢If in doubt about what to include in the answer, put it all in. †¢Use the language of the text as often as you can.Do not simplify the meaning or understanding of the text in your response. †¢Do not use your general knowledge. You must interpret the meaning from the text, not from how you understand the world should work. †¢Always interpret the meaning intended within context of the text. †¢Every answer should reference the text, preferably with direct quote or by using the langua ge of the text. †¢Make sure you hear the word correctly and write it as you hear it. Language features to look out for in listening tasks Anecdotes Analogy Metaphor Simile Sound devices Exaggeration Sarcasm Humour IronyStatistics and Cultural references or intertextuality TermMeaningExample – provided where helpful Context – clarifies the meaning of something, either through historical information or by providing further detail before and / or after itThe conditions /circumstance relevant to an event, fact, e. g. time/place etc Conversational speech – characteristic of informal spoken language or conversation Dialect – form of a language spoken in a particular geographical area or by members of a particular social class or occupational group, distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciationCockney is a dialect of English not to be confused with ‘accent’ which is pronunciation common to a certain language dialect Diction â€⠀œ the choice and use of words in speech or writing Digression – an act or instance of changing from a main subject in speech to another unconnected subject Everyday/familiar/modern references – to mention something that the audience will recognise (can be an object or a common phrase) to create rapport / humour (when done out of context can increase the humour) Fillers / hedges (natural speech marker) – sounds or words that are spoken to fill up gaps in utterancescommon filler sounds are â€Å"uh† â€Å"er† and â€Å"um† Idiolect – a person’s individual speech habits. Idiom – a group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual wordsâ€Å"She let the cat out of the bag† or â€Å"He was caught red-handed. † Impact – the power of making a strong, immediate impression Interrupt – to stop a person while s/he is saying or doing something, especially by saying something o neself Intonation – the sound pattern of phrases and sentences produced by pitch variation in the voice Lexis – the full vocabulary of a language, or of a group, individual, field of studytyre, oil, engine, car etc Non-verbal signs – the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messagese. g. hrough gesture; body language or posture; facial expression and eye contact; or even object communication such as clothing, hairstyles etc Pace/timing – the process or art of regulating actions or remarks in relation to others to produce the best effect Rapport – Relationship, usually a harmonious one, established between a speaker and their audience Register (formal/informal etc) – Level of formality in speech with others; register depends on the situation, location, topic discussed, and other factors Rhetorical device – a technique that a speaker (or author) uses to evoke an emotional response in the audiencee. g. hyperbol e – I was so hungry, I could have eaten an elephant Spontaneous speech – unprepared speech, in opposition to prepared speech where utterances contain well-formed sentences close to those that can be found in written documents Tag questiona question added to a declarative sentence, usually at the end, to engage the listener, verify that something has been understood, or confirm that an action has occurredCommon tags include won't you? wasn't it? don't you? haven't you? okay? and right? Transcript – a written copy of a discussion or speech

Coasts Revision Notes – AQA Geography

1. Spring and Neap Tides Spring vs. Neap Tides Spring tides occur when the Earth, Sun and the Moon are all about in the same line. This causes the highest tidal range due to the strongest gravitational pulls with the high tides being the largest and the low tides being the smallest. Neap tides occur when the Earth, Sun and Moon are at 90 degrees which causes the gravitational pull to be less effective. This produces the lowest tidal range of tides. 1. Coastal Transport Long shore drift transports material along the coast. In the UK, the prevailing wind blows from the South West causing the waves to approach the southern coast at an angle of 45 degrees. Therefore material moves from the west to the east. The swash of the wave carries the material up to the beach at this angle. The bed load is moved along by rolling by traction however pebbles are lifted and bounced along the floor in a leap frog action – this is saltation. Lighter material is carried by suspension (such as grains of sand) and weak acids (e.g. carbonic acid from precipitation) may act on soluble rocks (carbonate rocks e.g. limestone) and move the material in solution. The backwash carries the material at 90 degrees- causing a zig-zag motion. Groynes may be in place to reduce this – however they can be expensive (around  £5,000 per groyne and are unasthecially pleasing) yet they do trap the sand. 1. Headland Formation Headland formation occurs when the bands rock type run perpendicular to the coast – this is known as a discordant coastline. The coast has alternating bands of resistant (hard) and less resistant (soft) rock – these types of rocks erode at different rates. The less resistant rock are eroded at a faster rate (through the processes of hydraulic action, abrasion and corrosion) and the more resistant rock erodes at a slower rate and protrudes out into the sea. Wave Refraction Now the headland is protruding out into the sea, this receives high energy waves. When the waves hit the coastline, they are refracted and they tend to ‘bend’ round the headland, into lower energy waves. These waves then deposit sediment and beaches eventually build up. Case Study: Purbeck coast, Dorset. The Eastern side is discordant. Headland – The foreland Purbeck Coast, Dorest. Geology – Chalk (made millions of years ago from Coccoliths). This headland is 1.3km wide. Bay – Swanage Bay made from Wealden & Purbeck bed clays. This bay is 2.5 km wide. 1. Causes of cliff collapse Coastal Reasons * When waves head towards the coastline and the sea gets shallower, friction in the bed slows the bottom of the waves and make them more elliptical. The crest of the wave rises and then it collapses. * Destructive waves are high frequency, and are high and deep. They are around 10-14 waves per minute and their strong backwash removes material. * The waves break at the base of the cliff where the wave energy is concentrated. * This part of the cliff experiences rapid erosion thorough – abrasion, where material carried by the waves (eg rocks) are hurled against it. Also, H.A where the pressure of the air in the cracks from the water compress and release which erodes it. * This forms a wave cut notch * Over time, under the force of gravity, the mass above the wave cut notch cannot hold and collapses. * This processes of collapsing continues and the cliff retreats back. * This then leaves behind a wave cut platform that is no more than 5 degrees at the Low Water Mark. * As the platform gets longer, the waves have to reach further and many dissipate reducing the rate of erosion. * Sub Arial processes erode the platform such as paddock and seaweed. * Case Study: Broad bench Dorset, cliff is mixture of clay and shale (headlands made of Portland stone). Extension is 200m of platform, height of cliff is 20 m. Part of Jurassic coast – world heritage site. Sub-Arial * Not directly linked to sea, but from land * Freeze Thaw – When the diurnal range is around 0 dregrees – Scottish Highlands – Water expands by around 9%. Fluccutations in pressure fragments of rock may break off. * Biological – Rabbits may burrow into the cliff and piddocks may also weaken the rock which may remove some of the rock. * Chemical weathering, CO2 found in rainwater may form carbonic acid when it rains – attacks the calcium carbonate such as in limestone. Mass Movement * Slumping – Rainfall infiltrates the soil, making it heaver. * The material moves downhill, leaving a exposed scarp face * Case Study – Holbeck Hall, Scarborough. * 1993 – dry weather cracked the clay. This made the rock impermeable due to hot dry conditions * Next two months 140mm of rain fell (prolonged rainfall) * This then therefore infiltrated the soft rock above, but lubricated the clay. * On 3rd of June – the land was slipping into sea at 3m per hour. Collapse of hotel. Rest of hotel had to be demolished and they owners sued the authority ‘breach of its duty and care’.