The Promise Of Sociology, By Charles Wright Mills

Sociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions. It studies the structure, development, and functioning of a society as a whole. Comparative sociology is a social science that measures social change over time. Social change is the way societies and cultures are altered over time, which produces the mode of production. Mode of production is a system that determines the way societies survive and remain functioning. â€Å"The Promise of Sociology written by Charles Wright Mills explains that most men are unable to comprehend the effects of cultural and sociological changes that it can have on their lives. Mills introduces a concept that involves sociological imagination. Sociological imagination is the ability to see things†¦show more content†¦This situation forced me to believe that everything happens for a reason, but we just may never know what was that actual reason. Personal troubles are matters that can test your immediate milieu. Issues have to deal with matters that involve environmental factors that immediate from an individual. It is a social condition that is generated from a social structure. A social structure are building blocks that reinforce social change. However, it was mentioned that some values appreciated by the public is also felt to be threatened. An example of a issue that concerns the public is police brutality in America. This issue over the past years may have challenged individuals view in society. Even though all police officers are not corrupted, there is a lack of trust in the community. Some of these reasons include the senseless killings of minorities in America. Sandra Bland, Michael Brown, Eric Garner, Dontre Hamilton, Tamir Rice, Tony Robinson, and Walter Scott are a few victims that have dealt with police brutality. On the other hand, Mills explains his viewpoints about unemployment, war, and marriage. Mills view on unemployment is that in a city of over 100,000 only one man employment that shows a personal trouble. But, if there is a nation with over 50 million employees and 15 million unemployed, that makes an issue. The problem dealing with war is that not every individual knows how to survive afterwards. In addition, the problem dealing withShow MoreRelatedCharles Wright Mills And The American Sociological Review Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesC.Wright Mills or Charles Wright Mills was born on August 28, 1916 in Texas. He attended the University of Texas where he got his bachelor s degree in 1939. Before even graduating, Mills had already been published in the two leading sociology journals in the United States, the American Journal of Sociology and the American Sociological Review. After his bachelors degree, he pursued his Ph.D at the University of Wisconsin in 1941. During his time in Wi sconsin, he met his wife, Dorothy Helen SmithRead MoreThe Importance of Demography to Development11868 Words   |  48 PagesSociology is the science or study of the origin, development, organization, and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relationships, institutions, etc. It generally concerns itself with the social rules and processes that bind and separate people not only as individuals, but as members of associations, groups, and institutions, and includes the examination of the organization and development of human social life. The sociological field of interest ranges fromRead MoreInstitutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony9428 Words   |  38 PagesInstitutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony Author(s): John W. Meyer and Brian Rowan Reviewed work(s): Source: American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 83, No. 2 (Sep., 1977), pp. 340-363 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2778293 . Accessed: 25/01/2012 14:10 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR isRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesobserves in the introduction to The Sociology of Religion, rationalization is the process through which cultures create their religious cosmologies and address the problem of meaning.5 Accordingly, Weber is supremely concerned with how human beings, as purposeful social CHARISMA, ROUTINIZATION, AND RASTAFARI 9 actors, create, maintain, and change their cosmologies as well as their concrete situations. The centrality of rationalization in Webers sociology reï ¬â€šects his fundamental assumptionRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesData McAuley, John, FIPD. Organization theory : challenges and perspectives / John McAuley, Joanne Duberley, Phil Johnson. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-273-68774-0 ISBN-10: 0-273-68774-3 1. Organizational sociology. I. Duberley, Joanne. II. Johnson, Phil, 1955III. Title. HM786.M33 2007 302.3’5—dc22 2006022347 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 10 09 08 07 06 Typeset in 10/12.5 pt sabon by 72 Printed by Ashford Colour Press Ltd., Gosport The publisher’s policy is to use paperRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages(plus 250,000 immigrants from German states) had arrived by the 1820s. Estimates of Portuguese migration to colonial Brazil hover around half a million. Jose C. Moya, â€Å"Migration,† in Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2008). 3. Jan Lucassen and Leo Lucassen, â€Å"The Mobility Transition Revisited: Migration Patterns in Europe, 1500–1900,† unpublished article, forthcoming in Journal of Global History. The Lucassens also include soldiers in their calculationsRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesAnalysis of Risk and Regulation. He is Associate Editor of Accounting, Organizations and Society, and is also a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Management Accounting Research. He has published widely in accounting, management, and sociology journals. He co-edited (with Anthony Hopwood) Accounting as Social and Institutional Practice (Cambridge University Press, 1994). He is currently working on the roles of accounting in relation to the changing political vocabulary of public serviceRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEffective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribu te to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improving Customer Service 18 †¢ Improving PeopleRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesChattanooga Forrest F. Aven, University of Houston Lloyd Baird, Boston University Bud Baker, Wright State University John D. Bigelow, Boise State University Ralph R. Braithwaite, University of Hartford Julia Britt, California State University Tim Bothell, Brigham Young University David Cherrington, Brigham Young University John Collins, Syracuse University Kerri Crowne, Temple University Todd Dewett, Wright State University Andrew J. Dubrin, Rochester Institute of Technology Steven Edelson, TempleRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesmarketi ngpower.com. 3. Zinkhan, George. M; Carlson, Les: Green Adversting and the Reluctant Consumer, Journal of Advertising, 1995 4. Kilbourne, William E: Green Advertising: Salvation or Oxymoron, Journal of Advertising, 1995 5. Banerjee, Subhabrata: Gulas, Charles S; Iyer, Easwar: Shades of Green: A multi-dimensional Analysis of Environmetnal Advertising, journal of Advertising, 1995 6. Kumar, Krishna; â€Å"Meeting the Challenges of a Borderless Economy: Needed a Paradigm Shift?†: Working Paper No. 2001/4, Indian

Jacqueline Kennedy Free Essays

All throughout the history of mankind, through the generations, decades, centuries, and millenniums, humans have shared one quality despite the rapid change and obvious differences between us all. We have always been capable of speech. Of course, this expression has evolved over time and originated as simple indications of emotion. We will write a custom essay sample on Jacqueline Kennedy or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, has evolved into one of the most important functions of the human body, providing not only communication amongst other people, but an essential factor in creating a character, and one of the only factors separating man rom any other living organism. Though voice is so essential to life, women only obtained complete freedom of speech and expression of opinion in the last century. Women had the same capabilities and ideas as men, however were unjust to use their voice and share them. A key part of the evolution of women’s expression was one of America’s own women, Jacqueline Kennedy. Jackie was the wife of a well- known American president, and played a key role in his presidency by restoring the white house, establishing fame and recognition, and being a legend for American omanhood.. She was one of the only first ladies to leave such a mark on the country, and continues to be one of America’s most memorable and important woman fgureheads OFK Museum). Jacqueline, originally born into the Bouvier family on July 28, 1989, was an inspiration from the day she was introduced to the world. She grew up in a wealthy home and was always encouraged to use her talents of art and creativity throughout her childhood. She was raised feeling important, and always knew she was destined to make a change in the world (Taylor 27). However, hen her parents got divorced when she was only ten, she began to keep her thoughts to herself due to her extreme pain (nettrekker. com). She then attended a boarding school throughout her primary school years, and later graduated from Washington University in 1951, dedicated to start a life as a reporter (Cardi). Little did she know that Just two years later, she would be married to a senator and begin a journey to becoming one of America’s youngest and most remembered first ladies. Jackie began her Journey to fame once John F. Kennedy was running for president, ut all women’s eyes were on his beautiful wife. Housewives and mothers began to see Jackie as their leader, and loved how easily they could relate to her feelings and thoughts, helping their presidential vote in JFK’s favor. This helped lead John Kennedy to win the election and become president with Jacqueline on his side. Jackie’s young and creative mind quickly went to work once moved into the White House, and she was determined to make her mark in her time as first lady. She began this by starting a benefit to modernize and restore the White House atmosphere as ell as promote the arts (Spoto 124). This created a lot of fans and positive publicity, and added to her popularity with young women striving for hope. She spoke out to Clifford said, â€Å"Once in a great while, an individual will capture the imagination of people all over the world. You have done this; and more important, through your graciousness and tact, you have transformed this rare accomplishment to an incredibly important asset to this nation. † (nettrekker. com). She became an American icon and was commonly referred to as â€Å"America’s Queen†, which was ironic for the ime because women had only recently begun to be fully respected and set equal to men and she was the face of it. Jacqueline can easily be compared to another hero of his time, Odysseus. This is because they were both seen as famous and respected individuals in their community, and used this power to make their voice important to the common civilian. They were both deadest on a goal or result of their Journey, and used their intelligence and bravery to make it possible. It was then that their efforts were recognized and their fame became even greater. Though Odysseus pursued an ctual quest to reaping his reward, Jackie hypothetically took a large quest as well. She overcame her stereotype of being the unnoticed president’s wife, and made a huge impact on the voice of women in the end. The two both used their voice in an similarly impactful way. Jacqueline Kennedy definitely made her mark on the world. With her pride of American Women, passion for creativity, and young flair, she spoke out to women of her time. She has become one of the most remembered women in the white house and respected women of all time. She gave hope and guidance to the average ousewife, and became an icon to the world. Jackie used her voice in a unique way and her voice is important. How to cite Jacqueline Kennedy, Papers

Reconstruction era Essay Example For Students

Reconstruction era Essay The Reconstruction period can be defined as the time after the Civil War when states were debating on what to do with a partially seceded nation. The Union, known as the North, wanted to come to agreements with the Confederacy, or the south, on how to successfully bring the states together again as one nation. There were many different opinions on how the states should be brought back into the union. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments of the Constitution gave blacks their official rights within the Union. People in both the South and the North did not always agree with the states that they lived in. In some aspects, the postwar years were a period of remarkable economic progress for African Americans. Blacks had constructed an educational system to educate themselves. In all the madness throughout the Union and the Confederacy, everything that happened has played an important role in history. Everyone in the Reconstruction era Essay had an opinion on how and what to do to make things better within the states, some just shinned through more than others. Bibliography: .

Skinner`s Essays - Behaviorism, B. F. Skinner,

Skinner`s Influence B.F. Skinner was one of the most influential theorists in modern psychology. His work was very important and has been studied by many for years. Skinner was a very straightforward man and a very educated man. His theories have helped mankind in many ways. He has studied the behavior patterns of many living organisms. Skinner was a well-published writer. His work has been published in many journals. He also has written many books on behaviorism. His most important work was the study of behaviorism. First began by John B. Watson, behaviorism is one of the most widely studied theories today. B.F. Skinner and His Influence in Psychology B.F. Skinner was one of the most famous of the American psychologists. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1904. Skinner was the father of modern behaviorism. Skinner did not get into psychology until he was in graduate school at Harvard. He was driven to Psychology after reading about the experiments of Watson and Pavlov. He received his doctoral degree in three years and taught at the University of Minnesota and the University of Indiana and finally returned to his alma mater at Harvard. Skinner contributed to psychological behaviorism by performing experiments that linked behaviors with terms commonly used to describe mental states. Skinner was responsible for some famous experiments such as the "Skinner box". Skinner also wrote some very famous books. One of them was "The Behavior of Organisms". This book describes the basic points of his system. Another was Walden Two. This book describes a utopian society that functions on positive reinforcement. Skinner was a very productive person until his death in 1990 at the age of 86. Behaviorism is a school of thought in psychology that is interested in observable behavior. Skinner said, "Behaviorism is not the science of human behavior; it is the philosophy of that science"(Skinner, 1974). There are various types of behavior, such as innate behavior. Innate behaviors are certain behaviors that we are born with, such as eating when we are hungry and sleeping when we are tired. Early Life Burrhus Frederic Skinner was born in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania on March 20, 1904 to William Arthur and Grace Madge Skinner. Skinner's home was a warm and stable place. He lived in the house he was born in until he went off to college. Skinner also had a younger brother named Edmond James Skinner, born November 6, 1906. Skinner was very fond of his brother and loved him very much. At the young age of sixteen, Edmond died of a cerebral aneurysm. Skinner was a very inventive young man. He always was making or building things, such as wagons, model airplanes, etc. He also attempted to invent a perpetual motion machine, but it failed. He also read about animals. He collected toads, lizards, and snakes. He trained pigeons to do tricks after he saw them performing one year at a fair. Training the pigeons probably was where he got his ideas of operant conditioning. He attended Susquehanna High School just like his mother and father. In his graduating class there were only eight people including him. He was a very intellectual boy. He reported that he really enjoyed school. Over the four years in high school Skinner became quite good at mathematics and reading Latin, but was weak at science. He made up for it though, because he was always performing physical and chemical experiments while he was at home. His father was an avid book collector. Skinner always had a good library of books around his house. Skinner recalled the little collection of applied psychology journals that his father had bought. Those books could have been the starting point in his psychology career. Skinner grew up in a very religious family. His grandmother often reminded him of the concept of hell. His mother once washed his mouth out with soap literally for saying a bad word. His father never punished him, but he told him of the punishments that awaited him if he ever turned out to be a criminal. Overall Skinner had a good and happy childhood. College Life After graduating high school, Skinner went to Hamilton College where he majored in English Literature and minored in Romance Languages. He was drawn toward English when he was in high school by one of his teachers named Miss Graves. She also was responsible for his enjoyment of art and sculpting. Skinner never really fit into the campus life and he was not much of a sportsman. He said "my shins were cracked in ice hockey and

Free Essays on Retailing

What we have isn’t really a serious â€Å"problem† to the company; rather, it may be an opportunity waiting to happen. Express for Men is doing fine with the work, effort, marketing, and strategic planning they’ve done, but there may be a chance to expand its target market. Like its family store, Limited, they were very successful in what they did for women’s clothing. Following that success what they did was create a way for those similar clothes to be worn by younger women, specifically ages 7-14. So what we are thinking as our â€Å"problem† is that Express for Men doesn’t have a store to fit the younger male. This may be because of two reasons: they basically just started converting Structure stores across the U.S. to Express for Men and haven’t thought about the idea yet, or they don’t see there to be a profitable market. But take this into consideration. Big brothers, athletes, heroes, and fathers are all looked upon by th eir younger generations, big brothers especially. Now coming from experience, I can say that my little brother always wanted to wear clothes that I did. At that point in my life I was like, â€Å"whatever, leave me alone†. But nowadays, this can be used to retailers advantage. Both men and teenage guys are more interested in the style of clothing. So for example, these guys shop for clothing at Express for Men because they want to look good, and feel comfortable (which is the feeling I get when I wear their clothing). So now we have a market of men running around in Express clothing living their daily lives, when in actually, they’re being lookup by many youngster who are thinking, â€Å"my big brother (or father) looks really nice today. I wish I could dress like that†. This is where our â€Å"problem† comes in. If Express for Men were to come out with a store for younger males, then they would have a place to go to get the same clothing their â€Å"men tors† look upon. Express for Men has already had a g... Free Essays on Retailing Free Essays on Retailing What we have isn’t really a serious â€Å"problem† to the company; rather, it may be an opportunity waiting to happen. Express for Men is doing fine with the work, effort, marketing, and strategic planning they’ve done, but there may be a chance to expand its target market. Like its family store, Limited, they were very successful in what they did for women’s clothing. Following that success what they did was create a way for those similar clothes to be worn by younger women, specifically ages 7-14. So what we are thinking as our â€Å"problem† is that Express for Men doesn’t have a store to fit the younger male. This may be because of two reasons: they basically just started converting Structure stores across the U.S. to Express for Men and haven’t thought about the idea yet, or they don’t see there to be a profitable market. But take this into consideration. Big brothers, athletes, heroes, and fathers are all looked upon by th eir younger generations, big brothers especially. Now coming from experience, I can say that my little brother always wanted to wear clothes that I did. At that point in my life I was like, â€Å"whatever, leave me alone†. But nowadays, this can be used to retailers advantage. Both men and teenage guys are more interested in the style of clothing. So for example, these guys shop for clothing at Express for Men because they want to look good, and feel comfortable (which is the feeling I get when I wear their clothing). So now we have a market of men running around in Express clothing living their daily lives, when in actually, they’re being lookup by many youngster who are thinking, â€Å"my big brother (or father) looks really nice today. I wish I could dress like that†. This is where our â€Å"problem† comes in. If Express for Men were to come out with a store for younger males, then they would have a place to go to get the same clothing their â€Å"men tors† look upon. Express for Men has already had a g...

Reflections on Versus

Reflections on Versus Reflections on Versus Reflections on Versus By Maeve Maddox The following sentence from an editorial about a money-saving measure taken by our local county government caught my eye: Its about cost-effective verses cheap. The misspelling of versus was the eye magnet, but then I started thinking about the use of the word itself. I dont hear the word versus or see it written out very often anymore. It may still have currency among sports writers, but I dont read the sports page, so I cant say. As a legal term, versus has been in the language since the 15th century: preposition denoting action of one party against another, from L. versus turned toward or against When I was in school, versus was commonly abbreviated as vs and italicized: McCulloch vs Maryland (1819) Miranda vs Arizona (1966) Now the usual practice is to abbreviate versus as v. and not italicize it: Roe v. Wade (1973) Gregg v. Georgia (1976) When it was still being written vs, the abbreviation was read as versus. Nowadays the practice is to pronounce the v as the letter name: Gregg [VEE] Georgia (1976) By now, many younger English speakers may be unaware that the v. in the name of a court case stands for versus. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples)80 Idioms with the Word TimeParataxis and Hypotaxis

Documented Argument on Bilingual Education Annotated Bibliography

Documented Argument on Bilingual Education - Annotated Bibliography Example This article has the necessary information required in writing an introduction of an essay because it explains terms and scenarios such as bilingual education. The article ‘Bilingual Education: Arguments For And (Bogus) Arguments Against’ by Stephen D. Krashen explores the two goals of bilingual education as well as gives the various arguments for and against the bilingual education. It also gives the evidence for bilingual program such as the results of program evaluations, the effects of past education on the performance of immigrant children and measured capacity of these children to communicate in the first language as compared to another language. It gives the characteristic of exemplary bilingual programs in details as a way of convincing the readers on the advantages of the having the bilingual education in schools. The article further explains the baseless arguments that people usually use to attack the effectiveness of the bilingual education. It also gives an opportunity for the public opinion on this form of education. The information contained in the article can be used to give further details about bilingual educa tion in school. The book Bilingual Education in New York City by Cordasco Francesco is about the people of Puerto Rica in the mainland United States. It focuses on the populace living in New York experiencing changes at the current time. The group has been trying to adjust to these changes. One of the significant changes of bilingual education is where the Puerto Ricans have to learn English as a second language. The book further shows the effects of bilingual education on their traditions as well on their children who join schools in New York. The book gives the reasons as to why they do not credit the bilingual education systems. The book also provides the various studies carried out in New York and the results as well as solutions to children from Puerto Rica to speak English. It has information that is suitable in writing an

Advertising public relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Advertising public relation - Essay Example It is needless to say that the modern business world is extremely competitive. Therefore the companies look to find the x-factors to stand apart from the rest of the crowd so that the company becomes more interesting and appealing for the media and the public. A favorable reputation can help the company. On the other hand negative publicity can also have negative impact and damage the reputation of the company badly. In simple ways PR can be defined as a way to build up long term relationship with the public or customers. Although PR is an element of promotional mix and there are certain differences between PR and other elements, it is important to understand that positive can only be achieved by using each of the elements of the promotional mix effectively. The study looks to focus on the application of PR to aid the performance of a newly launched product in the market. The product selected is a ready-to-drink green tea. The concerns over the contents of the soft drinks have increa sed as people are becoming more health conscious. Also recent controversies related to the hygienic factors and product has not helped the reputation of the soft drinks. Although the product to be discussed cannot be exactly categorized as hardcore soft drinks, still the product is likely to serve purpose as the soft drinks. The study includes market situation analysis, probable PR strategy, different modes of communication to be used and also a way to successfully evaluate the PR strategy. (Chattopadhyay, 2009. P.370). Fun fruit Pvt. Ltd. is a six years old company. The company produces soft drinks made from fruits such as mango and pineapple. The company looks to achieve concentric product diversification through packaging and pricing strategy. Here it is to be mentioned that the company operates in UK market only. However, the company has launched ready-to-drink green tea called ‘Fizz’. The company looks to brings

The Salah requires praying Essay Example for Free

The Salah requires praying Essay One of the greatest hindrances to attaining peaceful relations in the Middle East comes from the fact that the Islamic religion is often misunderstood. In their book entitled, Islam: A Thousand Years of Faith and Power, authors Jonathan Bloom and Sheila Blair, discuss the origins of Islam by discussing various aspects of the religion and the cultural practices. Literally, Islam means peace or the surrender of one’s self to God. Islam was born 1,400 years ago, when the message of the Qur’an was relayed to the prophet Muhammad by Allah through the angel Gabriel. The fundamental decree of Islam is monotheism, that there is only one Creator, that he alone should be worshipped by mankind and that Muhammad is God’s final prophet. Aside from monotheism, there are also other five aspects of Islam: first, that the Qur’an is considered by Muslims as the undistorted message of God and is the central text of Islamic religion; second, that angels are the messengers of god, devoid of free will and dedicated only to the worship of God and the duties entrusted to them; third, belief in all of God’s prophets, from Adam to Jesus; fourth, that there will be a â€Å"Day of Judgment† or â€Å"Day of Resurrection† (yawm al-Qiyamah) where every human will account for all the deeds and sins he has committed during his lifetime at a time that is only known to God; lastly, the belief in the Divine Decree (al-qadaa wal-qadr ), that everything occurs according to the will of God. Islam also decrees five main duties that a Muslim must perform. Integral to the understanding of Islam are the Five Pillars. These five duties are otherwise also known as the Five Pillars of Islam: Shahadah, Salah, Zakat, Sawm and Hajj. The Shahadah is the primary tenet of Islam which is found in the shahadatan or â€Å"twin testimonies† wherein a Muslim declares that there is only one God worthy of devotion and that Muhammad is the messenger of God. The Salah requires praying five times a day at different times while facing towards the Kaaba in Mecca. The Zakat is the alms-giving of capable Muslims to the poor and needy. The Sawm is the requirement of fasting during the month of Ramadan wherein a Muslim desists from eating, drinking and having sexual intercourse from dusk until dawn. The Hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca a Muslim is required to make at least once in his or her lifetime. Aside from discussing these practices, they also discuss the cultural background of some of the most holy sites of the Islamic Religion. Considered as perhaps one of the holiest cities in the whole world, Makkah or Mecca, is located in the historic Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia. With a population of nearly two million (1,700,000 to be exact), this region is deeply revered by Muslims because it contains the Grand Mosque of Mecca. From an etymological perspective, the word mecca means a location that is considered as the center of interest or a goal which religious adherents aspire for. This is synonymous with the religious devotion that is associated with the area. One of the major events that occur in this area is the annual pilgrimage to Makkah which happens during the season of the Hajj. This is very important for every Muslim since it is covered under the Five Pillars of Islam. Given this relevance, every able bodied Muslim who has the means to must visit Mecca at least once in their lifetime. This is a very strict rule. During this time, nobody else is allowed to enter the holy city especially people belonging to other faiths. Historically, the Mecca has always been considered as one of the most important cities in the Arabian Peninsula. Since the 6th century, it has always been the wealthiest of all the settlements in the area. Due to the abundant water supply that it got from the Zamzam Well, Mecca soon grew in prosperity and became the site of the Kaaba, the holiest site in all of Islam. Given this ideal location, it comes as no surprise then that this soon became one of the holiest areas in the world. The sacred mosque or the Al-Masjid al-Haram is the largest mosque in the entire world. Its location in the city of Mecca is only appropriate given the fact that it surrounds what is the holiest place in the entire Islam, the Kaaba. Also known as Haram or Haram Sharif, the mosque is capable of accommodating over four million (4,000,000) people during the great pilgrimage or the Hajj. It covers a floor area of approximately three hundred and fifty-six thousand eight hundred (356,800) square meters. References: Bloom, Jonathan and Blair, Sheila (2002). Islam: A Thousand Years of Faith and Power. New Haven, 2002

Kesey and Plath: A New American Myth :: Biography Biographies Essays

Kesey and Plath: A New American Myth A mutual friend sets up Ken Kesey and Sylvia Plath on a blind date. They meet in a Boston restaurant and discover they're both writers. Describe the ensuing conversation. Sept. 3, 1955 (from Sylvia's diary) It must have been some terrible mistake. Mother set me up with a certain Ken Kesey, a friend of a friend of the family. Terrible! We met at a restaurant on Harvard Square and it went downhill from there. I came home alright, but barely. I guess I can start from the beginning... Ken is large and very open with his body and gestures. He's from California, which could explain that. He dressed very casually and he had a crazy look in his eyes when he saw me. I don't know if he was happy to be there either. Apparently he goes to Stanford and is studying creative writing. I asked him about his writing and he started a whole speech on psychiatric wards and medications. I didn't want to hear a word about psychiatric wards, but he certainly got my interest. He volunteers to do experiments for money. I can't imagine going through what I went through voluntarily... I did venture to ask him why he was writing about hospitals and he looked very closely at me and said, "You've been there. I know." And he did. He was seeing inside me, all the way inside, and it was the most uncomfortable silence I've ever had. I mumbled an accusation and as soon as it came out, I knew my mother hadn't told him about all that. Dinner went alright, barring the conversation about hospitals. We walked around the square and by the river for awhile and then he invited me to his hotel room and I said no, but I really wanted to leave with him. I've been so bottled up for days... I wanted to do something different. We sat down facing Cambridge and he looked at me again, intently and laughed... "It's all black, isn't it? Then everything shuts down." Ken looked off toward the river. He started to laugh again. "I don't know what you're talking about." Sylvia put her knees closer together. Uncomfortable. "When they throw the switch. When it all shakes and then you black out. Then you can't think for days.

Unemployment Problem in Bangladesh

Date: February 15, 2013 Dr. Mahbub Sarfaraj Department of Management Kabi Nazrul Govt. college Dhaka Subject: Submission of Term Paper . Dear sir, It is a great pleasure and privilege the term titled â€Å"Impact Of Globalization In Economic Growth †. I have really enjoyed to prepare this report. I thing this report enrich my knowledge on impact of globalization in economic growth . There may be some mistake I think this mistake in the report will be kindly excused. With Thanks and best regards Sincerely Yours, Marium Akter Roll Number : 961 42 78Registration Number :165 23 59 Department of Management Kabi Nazrul Govt. Collage Student’s Declaration I hereby declare that the report of term paper namely â€Å"Impact of Globalization in Economic Growth† by me a comprehensive study of the Impact of Globalization of Economic Growth . I also declare that this paper is my original worked and prepared for academic purpose which is part of B. B. A. Marium Akter Roll Numbe r : 961 42 78 Registration Number :165 23 59 Department of Management Kabi Nazrul Govt. Collage Supervisor’s DeclarationI hereby declare that the concerned report entitled â€Å"The impact of globalization in the economic growth† original work by Marium Akter ; a student of BBA (Hons. ), Department of Management , Kabi Nazrul Govt. College , has completed term paper under my supervision and submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement of B. B. A at Kabi Nazrul Govt. College. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Dr. Mahbub Sarfaraj Lecturer Department of Management Kabi Nazrul Govt. college Executive Summary After studying the theoretical concepts of topic, understanding its practical implication and application is the next step in the learning process. n the process writing this paper , I came to know about different aspects of export as well as the Saudi Arabian market that I have explored with the light of my little knowledge . I have chosen Unemployment Problem in Bangladesh to complete my project on. Bangladesh is trying to develop unemployment sector is one of the most promising one in this process. It will face competition there but it has come distinctive qualities which will face help it to establish itself as a prime sector. However, after all this human being ,I believe everyone is not beyond limitation .There might have problems regarding lacks and limitation in some aspect and also some minor mistake such as syntax error or typing mistake or lack of limitation please pardon for that mistake . Md. Rasel Roll Number : 961 42 77 Registration Number :165 23 58 Department of Management Kabi Nazrul Govt. Collage Table of Content Letter of transmittal01 Student’s Declaration02 Supervisor’s Declaration03 Executive Summary04 Introduction05 Objective10 The Nature11 Impact 12 Causes 14 Extent17 Type 19 Structural Unemployment 19 Frictional Unemployment 19 Cyclical Unemployment 19Seasonal Unem ployment 20 Possible solution to unemployment 20 Conclusion 21 Bibliography22 â€Å"Unemployment Problem in Bangladesh† Introduction Unemployment is a great problem in Bangladesh. Every year hundreds of thousands students are coming out from college and University. Though it is one of the major responsibility of the Government to provide job to those young generation but the Government is failed to meet the job demand among the large population. Only a tiny fraction of total jobless in managed by different government official and private organization but a majority remain unemployment.Historically for a long time British administration was the main cause of this problem. After ending Mughol regime when the British came in sub continent (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh)They started to do business ,They exploited the sub-continent. They did not establish any industry which is helpful to remove unemployment problem. Though some Industry was made but all them were placed in Indian Te rritory. So Bangladesh region was neglected from the British period. After ending British rule in 1947 Pakistan adopted the same rule they establish all kinds of Industry in west Pakistan not in East Pakistan .As a result of Pakistani monopoly rule we saw the freedom fighting war in 1971. After nine month continuous war it is divided and named East Pakistan as a Bangladesh. After 1971 Bangladesh has been facing political crisis badly. As a result no government can not take long term massive step to remove the unemployment problem. Within 41 years Bangladesh has experience about eight new government and two assassination Incident at the top level country leader. So now political crisis is one of the major causes of unemployment problems. Among other two major parties BNP and Aowamileague are busy to gain only political power.None of these parties are trying to do anything to solve the country’s major problems Unemployment problems. Many Asian developing countries are the brigh t example in the world who is successful to remove the unemployment problem successfully. Korea, Malaysia, Singapore are the news of them, They are growing rapidly because there is no political crisis, Government assured the foreign Investor about political clam environment. So many American, European and Japanese company are investing those regions spontaneously. AS a result they are developing very fast. Bangladesh Government and political leader should leer from those Asian countries.Recent attitude and activities of political parties are very hateful to the common people. By election if a party goes to power then another party cannot accept that, they do not go to parliament they do not express constructive opinion in the parliament which is helpful for common people . But they should not do it. May be there is some discrimination of the election result but there are overall acceptation for the common people. To think about greater welfare of the country they should keep patient , they should support the government to take long term step to remove unemployment problems.If we watch towards Japan, Korea, Malaysia what we will see? Due to industrialization they have changed a lot. Without industrialization no nation can expect strong economic basement and solution of unemployment problems. Political settlement the first and forecast thing for Bangladesh is, to build up industry to remove the unemployment problem. If they can assure the political clam and stable situation, then foreigner will to come invest manufacturing sector to build new industry. In this respect transportation, Road and Highway, Electricity should be reconstructed strongly otherwise everything will be failed.Specially Automobile and Electronics industry are the major items to intensify a country’s overall financial condition. Most of money is spent in this two sector. Lot of population can be employed in these industry. Because by surrounding a automobile or electronics industry hund reds supporting some industry will be build up. As result a lot of people will be employed. In this respect the Government should adopt a strong and strict policy about used car establishing automobile industry they should ban import of all used car. Used car is import is destroying the environment and employment opportunity.To intensify the overall industrialization our Ambassadors who are employed in different countries specially Japan, Korea,Malaysia and Singapora can help the government to adopt strong effective ,active successful police. Because are well known with those countries environment. Government and people they have practical and expert felling about the development policy in different sector of the respective country. We have already wasted a lot of time. We don’t want to live as the poorest and neglected nation in the world. We want our economic growth ,our honor. We have a lot of workforce lot of money in the bank.But due to proper utilization and proper plan ning we are staying in back. In this regard political leader, Intellectual industrialist, planner Ambassador, Teacher, Student and migrated generation in abroad should contribute achieve the economic progress. If we can take proper steps to obtain our economic growth, then we can remove our unemployment problem. God says if you want to love me try to love people first. If you believe in God you have to love people. Ask yourself according your ability an responsibility how much has you done to help country? 80% the people are living in rural.After a long struggle a village parents educate his children helped them to grownup. They help them to gain college and University degree. Rest duty is yours that is Government. Yes it is Government duty to provide job for our young generation. It is fundamental duty of a government to solve the problem of Unemployment. Objective The rice of unemployment, as has been reported to be case in Bangladesh under a recent study that was prepared by the planning commission for finding out the progress made by the country under the millennium Development goals (MDGs) programme of the United Nation, is a worrisome development.The rate of unemployment in Bangladesh, according to the study, has now risen to some 11 per cent from what was percent 8. 0 percent in 2002 and 204 percent in 1990. This is only official data. The unofficial but reliable estimates of unemployment are higher. Employment creation needs to be a very important objective in every economy for the simple reasons that unemployment persons pose a burden at every economy for the simple level in society. First of all, they are burdens for their families. Unemployment young ones eligible to work and not finding work are a source of agony for their families.Family resources are drained on the maintenance of unemployed young persons. In the overall economic sense, unemployment people are liabilities for te economy because they do not produce only consume. People who do jobs usually produce something or discharge a service and obtain an income in return for their economic activities. Thus, both unemployment and its milder form, underemployment, meaning less than optimum engagement in work, are highly undesirable for the economy and society. Employment means incomes and it is an no way possible to alleviate poverty without creating income-earning opportunities or jobs for those remain unemployment.It is, therefore, extremely important to put the greatest emphasis on maximizing employment opportunities through meaningful operationalisation of the strategy for poverty alleviation and sustainable development. For this, the government must pursue practical policies to give a stimulus to much greater investment in the economy so that more jobs can be created on a regular basis. The domestic economy may not expand, in the short run, sufficient and proportionality to provide jobs to the rising number of unemployed people.It, thus, serves the country’s pu rpose if efforts are made at same time to send people abroad with jobs. In the latter case, the benefits can be multiple. The pressure of the unemployment ones for jobs eases, foreign currencies are remitted in support of the foreign currency reserve and the country is also spared the parasitic existence of people without jobs. Considering all this factors, the government should pursue more energetic policies to help create synergy so that more investment takes places within the economy, on one side and more people can also be sent abroad with gainful jobs, on the other.Providing training at publicly –run training centre to impact effective training to young persons for jobs which have good demand abroad can be quite useful here, because the returns in remittances from skilled labour are substantially higher than unskilled one. For speeding up employment locally, action like making available training, advisory service, capital support and assistance to the country’s hu ge unemployment youth at grassroots level should merit a serious attention, in addition to other supportive public policies in areas of infrastructure faculties, investment-friendly regulatory reforms etc.Training and assistance, are, of course, Vital for expending the scope for self-employment opportunities, particularly in the dairies and livestock, poultry breeding, growing of novel agriculture products for export, etc. The policy objective should be pro-active here particularly for encouraging the labour intebsive sectors to maximize employment. The Nature Unemployment means the state of being without any work both for the educated and uneducated for earning one’s livelihood. Unemployment problem has become a great concern all over the world. But nowhere in the world, this problem is so acute as in Bangladesh.Thousand of people in our country are without any job. Cause of unemployment: Bangladesh, like other developing countries, suffer form large-scale disguised unemploy ment in the sense that, even with unchanged techniques of agricultural a large part of the population engaged in agricultural could be removed without reducing agricultural output. Beyond agriculture, disguised unemployment also exists in large industries, offices and organization, particularly in the public sector. Unemployment among the educated youths is one of the major problems in Bangladesh.The unemployment rate for the population having secondary certificate level education and above is significantly higher than those with a lower level education, The unemployment rate for educated women is higher compared to that for the male population. In Bangladesh salaried/wage employment in the formal sector is not big enough to take care of the huge number of unemployment. Employment promotion, especially , creation of opportunities, continues as the most important function of the Bureau of Manpower Employment and Training, The Fifth Five-year plan for 1997-2002 had set a target of cre ating additional employment of 6. 5 million persons . of this, a total of 1,60,000 persons expected to be engaged in emphasis had been given on training and credit support to women micro entrepreneurs in cottage industries and other traditional and non-traditional sectors including skill development for service industries and non-farm activities. The private sector and NGO’S are also playing a vital role to this end effect of unemployment problem. The efforts of rural-urban migration in Bangladesh are analyzed to identify a relationship between migration and unemployment, Poverty, unemployment and natural hazards appear to be the main reasons for the rural exodus.The preference for moving to a large city is found to be determined by the urban bias in planning both national and international authorities, and by the public amenities and resources available in the urban areas. An analysis of the levels and trends in urbanization reveals the notable role of rural-urban migration in the rapid growth of the urban population. Most migrants are young, unmarried males of working age. A case study of migrants in Dhaka city illustrates the reasons for and consequences of migration. It is concluded that rural-urban migration is mainly a survival strategy of rural poor. ImpactAccording to a study of the international Labour Organization (ILO), the rate of growth of unemployment in Bangladesh was 1. 9 per cent in the decade of the nineties. But the growth in unemployment currently is 3. 7 percent. The ILO Figures also show Bangladesh in the twelfth position among the top twenty countries in the world where unemployment is rising . The number of the unemployed in Bangladesh now is estimated at 30 million. The way the rate of unemployment is increasing, it is feared that at this rate unemployment would soar to some 60 million by 2015. According to another estimate, every year some 2. million young persons are becoming eligible for jobs whereas only about 0. 7 million o f them are getting unemployment. The number of the ‘disguised unemployment’ and economic term meaning underemployment people or employed to a degree less than their potential, in some 32 per cent. The huge number of the unemployed and the underemployed in workforce gives an idea of the number of the parasitic ones in the population. Employed persons not only consume from the economy but they also contribute to the economy through production activities and discharge of various services.The unemployed people in contrast only live of the economy or their families and society. They are an absolute burden on the state. Not only being liabilities in the economic sense, politically and socially they are considered to be a source of tension and turmoil. The linkage between unemployment and crimes is obvious. Therefore, all governments in Bangladesh will need to address the unemployment issue very seriously indeed before it turns worse. The recent floods and the devastating sido r storm plus the restructuring activities leading to retrenchment of workers form state operated enterprises, have added to the unemployment problems.Government will have to start up urgently different work programmers like road building and repairs, reconstruction oh infrastructures, etc. especially in the rural areas and continue them for sometime, to migrate the worst woes of the jobless ones at the grass road level. But for the medium and longer terms, the present interim government which is doing pathbreaking works in vital areas, should also adopt a plan of action of tackle unemployment. It can start such a plan and leave gradual implementation of it to successor government.Insufficient investment have been frustrating the creation of employment opportunities of Bangladesh. Government here needs to identify each of the factors that can contribute to a better investment climate. The same would include improvement of law and order, much lowering of the interest rate of borrowing , addition to and up gradation of infrastructures to be supportive of enterprising. Fiscal policies that create level playing fields for local entrepreneurs in relation to foreign competitors, fiscal incentives such as tax reduction and tax exemption, etc.Government will need to act imaginatively and effectively in relation to each of the above factors and more to improve the investment climate that in turn would accelerate economic activities and make the desired impact on the unemployment situation. However, there is also need to be clear about the policies to be pursued to create employment. New enterprise will absorb the unemployment. But capital intensive enterprise will employ a smaller number than labour intensive ones which will understandably employ a greater number. Thus, enterprise with labour intensive character should be identified and encouraged.Government can make a big contribution towards reducing unemployment by also building and operating a large number of trainin g institution to train the jobless ones in different vacation for them to be fit enough to take up employment in the country, to go abroad of doing job or to engage in self-employment. Government ample spending for skill development is all more necessary because private sector more prefer not to invest in this area out of consideration of law profits. The high costs of skill training under the private sector is also likely to exclude most seekers of such training on the ground of their inability to pay for the training.Thus, Government’s role of skill trainer is very important. But government can expect to recover the investment it will make in this area by receiving payments from people who would get jobs after such training. Causes Bangladesh, like other developing countries, suffers from large-scale disguised unemployment in the sense that, even with unchanged techniques of agriculture a large part of the population engaged in agriculture could be removed without reducing agricultural output. Beyond agricultural, disguised unemployment is also existing in large industries, offices and organizations, particularly in the public sector.Unemployment among the educated youths is one of major problems in Bangladesh. The unemployment rate for the population having secondary school certificate level education and above is significantly higher then those with a lower level of education. The unemployment rate for educated woman is higher compared to that for male population. . In Bangladesh salaried/wage employment in the formal sector is not big enough to take care of the huge number of unemployment. Employment promotion, especially , creation of opportunities, continues as the most important function of the Bureau of ManpowerEmployment and Training, The Fifth Five-year plan for 1997-2002 had set a target of creating additional employment of 6. 35 million persons . of this, a total of 1,60,000 persons expected to be engaged in emphasis had been given on train ing and credit support to women micro entrepreneurs in cottage industries and other traditional and non-traditional sectors including skill development for service industries and non-farm activities. The private sector and NGO’S are also playing a vital role to this end unemployment problems. Effect of Unemployment problems:The efforts of rural-urban migration in Bangladesh are analyzed to identify a relationship between migration and unemployment, Poverty, unemployment and natural hazards appear to be the main reasons for the rural exodus. The preference for moving to a large city is found to be determined by the urban bias in planning both national and international authorities, and by the public amenities and resources available in the urban areas. An analysis of the levels and trends in urbanization reveals the notable role of rural-urban migration in the rapid growth of the urban population.Most migrants are young, unmarried males of working age. A case study of migrants in Dhaka city illustrates the reasons for and consequences of migration. It is concluded that rural-urban migration is mainly a survival strategy of rural poor. According to a study of the international Labour Organization (ILO), the rate of growth of unemployment in Bangladesh was 1. 9 per cent in the decade of the nineties. But the growth in unemployment currently is 3. 7 percent. The ILO Figures also show Bangladesh in the twelfth position among the top twenty countries in the world where unemployment is rising .The number of the unemployed in Bangladesh now is estimated at 30 million. The way the rate of unemployment is increasing, it is feared that at this rate unemployment would soar to some 60 million by 2015. According to another estimate, every year some 2. 7 million young persons are becoming eligible for jobs whereas only about 0. 7 million of them are getting unemployment. The number of the ‘disguised unemployment’ and economic term meaning underemployment people or employed to a degree less than their potential, in some 32 per cent.The total civilian labour force of the country in 1996-1997 was estimate at 42. 97 million, of which 34. 7 million were male and 8. 27 million were female. These figures, However excluded the female labour force engaged in activities like poultry, livestock, paddy husking, preservation of food etc conducted in rural households and considered as domestic work rather than economic. Since 2000, the U. S manufacturing sector has lost nearly 25 percent of our total manufacturing workforce. Many of those jobs have gone to communist china, where toys for the U.S market are made is sweatshops by workers paid as little as 36 cents per hour and many white-collar jobs have gone to India where telephone operators cab be hired for $1 an hour. Leading economists are becoming willing to admit that their devotion to free trade was misplaced. Paul Samuelson, Nobel prize –winning economist and a dominating figure in U. S economics decades, faced reality before he died and admitted, â€Å"there is nothing in the theory that says trade is always a win-win for every group’’. Dr. Jerome coesi’s latest book, America for sale, is a superb explanation to help the public understand our current economic woes.He shows that free trade is turning America into a two-tiered country like many foreign countries, with few of the very rich and a lot of very poor, while the middle class loses big time. Extent According to a study of the international Labour Organization (ILO), the rate of growth of unemployment in Bangladesh was 1. 9 per cent in the decade of the nineties. But the growth in unemployment currently is 3. 7 percent. The ILO Figures also show Bangladesh in the twelfth position among the top twenty countries in the world where unemployment is rising. The number of the unemployed in Bangladesh now is estimated at 30 million.The way the rate of unemployment is increasing, it is fea red that at this rate unemployment would soar to some 60 million by 2015. According to another estimate, every year some 2. 7 million young persons are becoming eligible for jobs whereas only about 0. 7 million of them are getting unemployment. The number of the ‘disguised unemployment’ and economic term meaning underemployment people or employed to a degree less than their potential, in some 32 per cent. The total civilian labour force of the country in 1996-1997 was estimate at 42. 97 million, of which 34. 7 million were male and 8. 7 million were female. These figures, However excluded the female labour force engaged in activities like poultry, livestock, paddy husking, preservation of food etc conducted in rural households and considered as domestic work rather than economic. Index Mundi, a web based statistical data provider, the following chat has been published. This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment m ight be noted. Bangladesh-Unemployment Rate (%) |Year |Unemployment Rate | |2000 |35. 2 | 2001 |35. 2 | |2002 |35 | |2003 |40 | |2004 |40 | |2005 |40 | |2006 |2. 5 | |2007 |2. 5 | |2008 |2. 5 | |2009 |2. 5 | |2010 |5. 1 | |2011 |4. | |2012 |4. 8 | Types Economics break unemployment down into three distinct varieties- structural, Frictional and Seasonal. Below we will examine each type of unemployment to see how they differ. Structural Unemployment The glossary of Economics defines Structural Unemployment as: â€Å"Structural unemployment is an unemployment that comes form there being an absence of demand for workers that are available†. There are two major reasons that cause of absence of demand for workers in a particular industry: 1.Change in Technology. 2. Change in Tastes. Frictional unemployment: The Glossary of Economics defines Frictional Unemployment as: â€Å"Frictional unemployment is unemployment that comes from people moving between jobs, careers and locationâ₠¬ . Source of Frictional unemployment include the following: 1. People entering the workforce from school. 2. People re-entering the workforce after raising school. 3. People changing un-employers due to quitting or being fired. 4. People changing careers due to changing interest. 5. People moving to a new city and being unemployed when they arrive.Seasonal Unemployment : Seasonal unemployment is unemployment due to change in the season-such as a lack of demand of department store santa clauses in January. Seasonal unemployment is a form of structural unemployment, as the structure of the economy changes from month to month. Possible solution to unemployment In order to eliminate this problem. We have to mobilize all our energies to this grade purpose without west in time. The most essential measure industrialization. A large number of mills, factories in industries should be setup where money of our youths we get opportunity to work.A grade change should be brought in our educatio n system. More importance should be given on professional, vocational and technical education. These will make a opening to work in different industrial sector both home abroad. The educated youth should change their attitude to life. They must learn to choose independent carrier. They can start small business. In fact self employment in possible solution to this great problem. it is very effective to search jobs on various freelance. Web sites and get desired jobs easily.Step should be taken to setup property farming, cottage, industries and to open new system of public work to create a job for unemployment people. Exporting manpower can solve this problem to a little extent. If proper measurement is taken this number can easily be increased. But no attempts will dear any fruit unless effect measure are taken to keep the population growth under control. Conclusion in the prime minister questions-answer session on February 17, Prime minister Sheikh Hasina disclosed in the house her government’s plan to bring down unemployment rate to 15% from the existing 40% by the year 2021.She listed the programs that her government at already undertaken for employment generation to remove the cause of employment these include, imparting technical training to unemployment youth’s through 38 technical training centre, building 30 more technical training centre in this districts with no such centers and upgrading syllabus of 23 courses run by the manpower, employment and training bureau of international standards keeping in mind the demand of international recruiters. In the latest labour force survey (LFS) 2005-2006 published in 2008 of Bangladesh bureau statistics.The countries labour force (15 years+ population) stood at 84. 6 million. in the LFS of 2002-2003 it stood 80. 8 millions. The populations below the age of 15 years falls into the category of child population and can not as per law be treated as labour force. Even if we stick to the 2005-2006 LFS fig ure of 84. 6 million. Secondly, according to the LFS 2005-2006 the annual labor force growth rate for the period 2000-2003 to 2005-06 stood at 2. 21 percent which is higher than the annual population growth rate. Have we been able to increase job opportunities at the above growth rate of force.Thirdly, when the rate of unemployment in the united states is hovering around 10 % (9. 7 % in January,2010) The important of timely and reliable information can hardly be over-emphasized the basis for this information is nationally produce statistic. Statistic provide information or evidence needed for the government daily administration and policy analysis in view of what has been started above. It is high time to as certain the correct rate unemployment in the country and it must be free from political bias in the generator national interest.Bibliography The Cause of unemployment (Written by Murtaza ali Page no 24, 25, 26) Text Sociology Written by Gorge fayel ( page 13, 14) Unemployment- p roblem-is-a-great-concern-in Bangladesh (Written by Prof. Abdul Aziz Chapter -5, page 56, 57, 58. ) Unemployment-Problem in Bangladesh (Written by Prabir Ray page 9, 10, 11) http://www. oppaper. com/essays/the-causes-of-Unemployment/529084 http://bangladesh2day. com/newsfinance/2010/march/2/Ascertaining-unemployment-rate-php http://www. financialexpress-bd. com/search_index. php?Page=detail_news&news_id=23491 http://www. goarticles. com/article/unemployment-problem-in-Bangladesh/2784210/ A Term Paper On Impact of Globalization In Economic Growth Under The Guidance of and Supervision of Dr. Mahbub Sarfaraj Lecturer of Management Kabi Nazrul Govt. College Dhaka Submitted By Marium Akter Roll Number : 961 42 78 Registration Number :165 23 59 Department of Management Kabi Nazrul Govt. Collage ———————– Kabi Nazrul Government College Dhaka Dhaka Kabi Nazrul Government College Dhaka, Bangladesh

Child Abuse Prevention and Control Essay

Child abuse is a serious and widespread problem throughout the world. It can take the form of sexual abuse, physical or psychological mistreatment , or child neglect. Can child abuse be prevented? Can the child abuser be rehabilitated? What can be done within your own home or community to prevent or control child abuse? Once discovered, child abuse can be addressed, but how does one report child abuse, and what are the legal requirements for reporting the abuse? Are you aware of the effect that the abuse has on other family members, or what the long term effects of child abuse can be? Learn how you can be part of the solution to the tragic problem of child abuse. Child abuse, regardless of what form it takes, is extremely damaging to the child, the family, and society. Approximately eighty percent of twenty-one year olds that have survived childhood abuse have at least one psychological disorder, and about thirty percent of abused or exploited children become abusers themselves as adults. Statistics tell us that five or more abused children die every day in America alone, not including the many abuse-related deaths that go unrecorded. Child abuse is a worldwide occurrence which crosses all boundaries. No financial, racial, religious, cultural or other situation has been found to preclude child abuse. Reporting child abuse United States, Guam, and Puerto Rico are among several areas of the world that have mandatory reporting laws. In these areas, any person who suspects or observes child abuse of any type must report the situation to the legal authorities. There are several professions in which the mandate to report is even more thoroughly enforced. Traditional authority positions such as school teacher, law enforcement, and physician are a few examples. The importance of reporting the abuse cannot be stressed enough. The younger the child is when the abuse is stopped, the better the chances of healing the psychological and/or physical damage inflicted. The longer the abuse is allowed to continue, the more damage is done, and healing becomes progressively more difficult. Studies show that children who simply witness abuse within the family are just as negatively affected as the subject of the abuse, further demonstrating the scope and gravity of this type of situation, and the importance of early intervention. Preventing child abuse The following are some ways that we can attempt to prevent the abuse before it even starts. If you are a parent, be sure you are able to de-stress in a healthy way instead of directing your frustrations toward your child. Physical activity, meditation, or involvement in a support group outside the home and away from the children are all excellent ways of positively redirecting anger or frustration. If you believe that you, or someone in your family is at risk of losing control or becoming abusive, do not ignore the issue or delay taking action. The person on the verge of losing control must get help before the abuse ever occurs. If you notice a parent clearly struggling under a lot of stress, try sympathizing, and perhaps offer to babysit, or even trade babysitting services to give the adults some ‘down time’. Donate, volunteer, or become otherwise actively involved in raising awareness about, or assisting, families and children in crisis. Controlling child abuse already occuring in the home It is no simple task to rehabilitate a child abuser. Generally, it is a long term process, involving not just the abuser, but the entire family unit. Each family member must be willing to cooperate in the rehabilitation program. Mental or psychological instability or illness, and/or substance abuse often contribute to the abusive behavior, complicating matters even more, and and making rehabilitation much more difficult. If the abuse violation is considered ‘low level’, the abuser may possibly be permitted to remain within the home while treatment takes place, as long as steady improvement is observed and no further abuse occurs. This is normally decided on a case by case basis. The definition of ‘low level’ varies according to local laws, but one example would be mild incidences of neglect, as opposed to actual physical or sexual abuse or exploitation, or more severe cases of neglect. Instances in which the abuse has become more serious usually require removal and temporary relocation of the child, or removal of the abuser, until such time as the offender is determined to be rehabilitated. Requirements vary depending on locale, but in all instances, there are specific conditions that must be satisfied before the family is reunited.

Does marketing create or satisfy needs is a very o Essays

Does marketing create or satisfy needs is a very o Essays Does marketing create or satisfy needs is a very openly interpreted question. To answer the question, one must first break down the difference between what a want and a need is. A want is something that is just a desire after seeing product placement. In an article, Julie Lynch states that "wants are shaped by our society" (Lynch, 2009) . She goes on later in the article to explain that "everyone can want something but only a few have the means to acquire it" (Lynch,2009) . A need to a person is an essential, a product that is pivotal for existence. Marketing is a very strategic business; placement, pricing, and promotion are all integral pieces in marketing. Companies place their products into consumer minds in two ways: direct line and subliminal marketing. Direct line placement can be referred to as commercials on television, magazine ads, celebrity endorsements. Having a celebrity get into a brand new high- end car, spray a fancy new cologne or perfume on themselves, or wear a brand name clothing brand is a way these companies use direct line marketing. Subliminal marketing is a bit more complex, this a way they can plant the idea of their products being something a consumer needs. Companies such as Nike, Adidas, and Under Armor target many consumers that do not exercise. They place their products on extremely fit athletes to show consumers that by wearing their products, the public can look like that, simply by purchasing those products. Cigarette companies target young consumers by having the "popular" smoke in their commercials, making the younger viewers and consumers want to purchase their product and become that "popular" person in the group. " Subliminal marketing can influence consumers to prefer your product if they don't already have a strong preference for a competing product " (Fisher,2017). To answer the question of does marketing create or satisfy needs, one must balance out their wants and needs. Spending the time to balance out those two and doing research makes one realize that companies create the want by making it seem like a need. Fisher , C. (2017, January 07). What Are Subliminal Perceptions in Marketing? Retrieved October 24, 2017, from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/subliminal-perceptions-marketing-71802.html Lynch, J. E. (2009, April 05). How Does Marketing Create and Satisfy Consumer Needs? Retrieved October 24, 2017, from http://ezinearticles.com/?How-Does-Marketing-Create-and-Satisfy-Consumer-Needs?id=2186483

The Arab charter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Arab charter - Essay Example The first Arab Charter was adopted in 1994, but none of the states ratified the charter thus leading to amendments that created the Arab Charter of 2004 in Arab summit in Tunis in 2004. The substantial amendments were done to confirm with the international human rights law on issues such as death penalty, rights of non-citizens and freedoms of expression (Weissbrodt and Vega, 2007). The Arab Charter 2004 came in to force on 16th March 2008 after the ratification of the seventh member state of the Arab league. Article 45 of the Arab Charter establishes the Arab Human rights committee that consists of seven independent member state nationals who are tasked with the supervision of the implementation of the charter and reporting on the progress that each member state has undertaken in giving effect to the rights and freedoms safeguarded by the Arab Charter (Shelton & Wright-Carozza, 2013). The final Arab charter is consistent with European Human rights as reflected in the treaties and op inions of UN experts on human rights (Weissbrodt and Vega, 2007). ... Accordingly, the charter reaffirms the principles of United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United Nations International covenants on political, social and cultural rights and Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (Shelton & Wright-Carozza, 2013). The joint states in Arab charter include the 22 Arab countries, but only 11 have ratified to safeguard the human rights and freedoms guaranteed by the charter. The states that have ratified the charter include Jordan, Algeria, Syria, Palestine, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Libya (Shelton & Wright-Carozza, 2013). Other member states of the League of Arab nations include Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Djibouti, Algeria, Republic of Sudan, Kingdom of Morocco, Egypt, Iraq, the Sultanate of Oman , Libya, Mauritania and Republic of Yemen (Weissbrodt and Vega, 2007). Article 1 of the Arab Charter recognises human rights as a national concern for Arab states and aims at improving human lives in accordance with human values. The Article seeks to ensure citizens have a sense of the national identity, and share common interests with the spirit of brotherhood, tolerance and universal principles of human rights. Article 1 (d) recognises that human rights are indivisible, interrelated and interdependent as outlined by the United Nations Declaration of universal international human rights charter. Article 2 grants the citizens the right to self-determination, right to sovereignty and right to be free from all forms of racism or Zionism, which constitutes impediment to enjoyment of the fundamental human dignity (Shelton & Wright-Carozza, 2013). The Charter is

Assessing Performance and Developing Employees(HRM) Essay

Assessing Performance and Developing Employees(HRM) - Essay Example But it is not perfect; with inaccuracies in the scoring system and subjectivity involved in few parameters it has scope of improvement. ‘Performance Preview’ is one of the methods which Samuel Culbert describes as an approach to better performance reviews. He also talks how this system can improve by putting the CEO right in the front of the steering wheel to see for himself the relationships between bosses and subordinates. The HR is using performance review as its own toy right now and holding up to company secrets, but if there is trust and relationship on the basis on which things can change. The scoring system needs to be more objective with transparency and set rules of how much score can be given when. The subjectivity can be avoided in each BSC parameter by law of averages. Culbert’s views are one of an extremist I feel. Performance review is a real chance where a good subordinate can showcase his work; a good boss can affect positivity and motivation. Obj ectives can be set and continuous improvement can be achieved by a performance review and then continued with a performance preview. Not every boss is motivated by money and not every HR person secretive and conspiring against the subordinate.

Cooperative Learning and Student Achievement Essay

Cooperative Learning and Student Achievement - Essay Example Many studies have indicated that cooperative learning is indeed more beneficial to student achievement than the individualistic approach; however, there are distinctions and conditions that must be met in order for learners to benefit from being involved in cooperative learning (Yamarika, 2007). This essay discusses the benefits and conditions for effective cooperative learning. Benefits of Cooperative Learning Cooperative learning enables students to benefit from the efforts and successes of fellow students, giving each student the chance to contribute to the success and achievement of self and that of others. In addition, it allows students to recognize their abilities by making the contributions of each group member a valuable component of the learning process. Since each student has different talents and abilities, the groups benefit from the contributions of members and each member feels as a valuable component of the team due to the knowledge that the group may not have an idea until one contributes it. Moreover, individual achievement is celebrated by the whole group since group members feel that they played a role in the success, which motivates them to try harder (Yamarika, 2007). Some of the benefits of cooperative learning include: Cooperative learning results in better learning and academic achievement as compared to other learning approaches. Cooperative learning increases retention of content learned in class by students for later application. Students derive greater satisfaction from the learning experience, and they are encouraged to seek more knowledge. Students develop communication skills as they explain the subject matter to others and listen as their peers explain a point. Students develop social skills that are necessary as survival skills after school. Student self-esteem is boosted as students realize that they can learn on their own, and they have knowledge that others do not have. Cooperative learning promotes healthy interactions betw een students from various races, religions and other socioeconomic backgrounds. All these factors have positive effects on a student’s grade, and that is why cooperative learning in schools should be promoted (Roseth, Johnson, & Johnson, 2008). Conditions for Effective Cooperative Learning In order for cooperative learning to be effective, some conditions must be met; failure to meet these conditions may reduce the effectiveness of the approach, or even result in negative results on the learning experience and the performance of learners. If these conditions are met, then cooperative learning proves to be far more an effective approach to learning than individualistic and competitive approaches (Yamarika, 2007). Positive Interdependence Each group member’s contribution is unique and necessary for the success of the group, and members should be encouraged to participate as the input of each of them is directly related to the group achievement. The group should avoid foc using on the contributions of some members and ignoring the contributions or questions of others so that the group can learn as a holistic unit and not as disjointed units of individuals (Johnson & Johnson, 2009). Face-to-face Interaction This allows members to interact directly with each other in the form of oral explanation of concepts, teaching others new knowledge, analysis of level of

Financial Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Financial Analysis - Essay Example The weak market efficiency version is supported for the Pace Plc group based on the information available from the share prices. The share prices have shown fluctuating trends. While compared with those of the trends in the market indices like FTSE 250 index and technology, hardware and equipment index the trends are similar and in some years outperformed the market movements and have not declined significantly, which supports the weak form of market efficiency for the company. Hence based on the analysis in this report, it can be recommended that investors can buy the stocks of the company in spite of the fact that the company has shown poor performance in the context of global economic crisis in 2007. The evidence shows support in favour of improved financial performance in 2008 and 2009 and is still going on increasing. Financial Statements of a company are intended to give valuable information about the financial health of the company to its owner investors and lenders (Tracy, 2004). In other words, they are supposed to give information about the financial position, performance and changes in financial position of the company. In this report, the financial performance of Pace Plc listed in the London Stock Exchange is analyzed. The objective of the study is to analyze the financial performance of the group and to recommend whether or not to invest in the company’s shares based on the analysis. The financial performance is analyzed using financial ratio analysis and share price analysis. This report is organized as follows. Section 2 discusses the company history and business. Section 3 discusses the methodology. Section 4 discusses the analysis and results. Section 5 concludes the report. Pace Plc is one of the most famous digital TV technology developers in the pay TV industry, with its headquarters in Saltaire, UK (Pace Plc, 2009a). It was founded in 1982. It has

A Report On Leadership: Abraham Lincoln

A Report On Leadership: Abraham Lincoln In 1841 Lincoln married to Mary Todd and he had two children Robert Todd Lincoln and Edward Barker Lincoln. Edward Barker Lincoln died because of tuberculosis and then there was a birth of Willie, even Willie died of a fever. Then Lincolns fourth son Tad was born and outlived his father, but even he also died at the age of 18. This made him upset a lot and he also suffered from clinical depression. Lincoln was successful in becoming the President of United States in 1860. Being a president he concentrated on the military and political dimension of the war, he was always trying to reunify the nation because of doing this he experienced unprecedented war powers. Lincoln closely supervised the war especially in selecting the top generals, he brought leaders of both different parties into is cabinet and pressured them to coordinate. Under the leadership of Lincoln the union took control of board of slave states at begin of the war to capture confederated capital at Richmond and he was succeeded in 1865. As the leader of Republican Party, he was attacked from all sides few people were seeing him as an enemy. Lincoln fought back strongly. After the surrender by confederate army he became victim to an assassin. He was the first president to suffer such a fate. The journey to his destination was filled with hurdles and sorrows. But this road to success would definitely remain inspirational to anybody who would aspire to become a leader. Lincoln entered into the political world and soon became a much loved among Republicans and nominated Lincoln as a candidate for president. Through a series of events, a once illiterate individual became the most powerful person in the U.S Those were the days which had in store for this aspired leader a bag of failures. He failed in business, lost election to the state legislature, speaker of the house, nomination for congress, appointment of land officer, twice to the US senate and nomination for vice president. These failures would have left any person other than Lincoln disheartened and de motivated. But the commendable part of this great man is that it was after all these failures he was elected as a president of the nation which is walking with its head high even to this day. He played a significant role during the civil war in ending slavery and in unifying the nation. At the time of American Revolution there were 1 million African slaves in the colonies, agriculture economy was largely dependent on their labor. Anybody who wanted to end slavery would not take any step towards it because slavery was the key to producing cotton which led to industrial revolution and capitalization. Karl Marx then wrote without slavery, there would be no cotton, without cotton there would be no modern industry. The American Civil War which broke out in the year 1861 was the front seat for Lincoln towards abolition of slavery and turning the union army into the army of liberation. He enforced emancipation proclamation in 1865 in southern states where blacks and slavery formed a major part. Lincoln was forced to withdraw emancipation by his Republican Party members with a fear that he would not be re-elected. Adhering to his decision he said if ever he would withdraw then he should deserve to be damned in time and eternity. He was of the opinion that if slavery is not wrong then nothing is wrong. The major effect of emancipation was on the northern whites esp. soldiers of union army. He was successful in bringing one black in every 10 soldiers thereby creating and enlarging their space among the whites. What started as a war to preserve the Union now became a battle to end slavery. Approximately two hundred thousand African Americans fought for the Union cause. In American history no president ever faced a greater crisis and no President ever accomplished as much Lincoln did. Abraham Lincoln understood that for the U.S. to be a great nation, it required to be united and should be free from the sins of slavery. A moral nation that boasts life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness for all cannot be masters of human beings. With an iron resolve, patience and careful timing, Lincoln gave back an America that was indeed free and whole. (http://books.google.co.in/books?id=Epsf5z_bL6UCprintsec=frontcoverdq=abraham+lincoln+biographyhl=enei=izwGTbqDI8TprAfou5SRDwsa=Xoi=book_resultct=book-thumbnailresnum=1ved=0CDcQ6wEwAA#v=onepageqf=false) (http://www.usafis.org/newsletter/Abraham_lincoln.asp?af=) (http://www.dailynewarticles.com/article/450/69011/Abe_Lincoln_An_Extraordinary_Leader.html) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln) QUALITIES EXPECTED: The ability for being a leader in his own field is not an inborn talent its the result of the number of years being spent in ones life exploring oneself and the world. It is in this due course that he starts understanding his own needs and characteristics and also of the fellow participants. In the mean time he builds confidence and trust among his team mates. Being a leader doesnt mean doing it all by yourself to prove your capability on the task, it is controlling the group and leading them in the right direction. A group works together can be best when everybody is headed in the same direction. If a plan has to be properly carried out somebody must lead the effort. An effective leader is a one, who has following qualities. Creating an inspiring vision of future. Inspiring and motivating people towards that vision. Managing delivery of vision. Coaches and builds a team to achieve that vision. Creating an inspiring vision of future In any field a vision is practical, convincing and attractive illustration of where you want to be in the future. Vision provides direction in achieving it. Once there is a vision, leaders must make them compelling and realistic. A compelling vision is one that people can understand, feel and embrace the vision. Effective leaders are one who provides a rich picture of how the future looks like. They try to tell stories and explain their vision in the ways the people can understand and cope up with him. Inspiring and motivating people towards that vision. A vision provides the foundation for leadership, but its ability of the leaders to inspire and motivate the people to help them to drive the vision. Here the people respect and believe in leaders because these leaders are expert in what they do, because these leaders would have earned the right to ask people to listen to them and follow them. This helps leaders to inspire and motivate the people to achieve the vision. Managing delivery of vision This is where management comes to picture. Here, the leadership relates to management by knowing which approach is batter and when you need to apply it is the key to effective leadership. To achieve the vision leaders must ensure that the work required to deliver that vision is managed and they should ensure that the vision is successful. Coaches and builds a team to achieve that vision. A leader must ensure that the team members have all the skills and abilities to achieve their vision. They do this by taking and giving the feedback regularly. Leadership also includes looking out for leadership qualities in others. So that by developing the leadership qualities within your team, where you can create an environment where you can be successful in the long term continuously. (http://www.mindtools.com/pages/Newsletters/08Jun10.htm) Qualities that made Abraham Lincoln a great leader, where we have to look out in present day leaders are, Capacity to listen to different points of view Where, Lincoln had a capacity to listen to different points of view and he created a climate where the cabinet members were free to disagree without any fear and give their opinion. At the same time Lincoln knew when to stop the discussion and make the final decision, by taking various opinions from his cabinet members. Ability to learn on the job Lincoln was able to learn from is mistake, acknowledge errors and the move from it. Willingness to share credit for success When there was success Lincoln shared the credit with all members who were involved in it, without taking the credit of success to his own. Willingness to share blame for failure Lincoln spoke up and indicated that he and his entire cabinet were to blame in case of any wrong decision taken. Lincoln stood up for them, when there was a mistake made by his cabinet members. Ability to control emotions When he was working with his cabinet members sometimes he use get angry and frustrated when there was a argument or any bad decision, so he found a way to come out of these emotions. He use sit and write what he referred as hot letter to the individual he was angry with and set the letter aside. Lincoln fallowed this kind of gesture to let the individual know that he was not holing any grudge. Awareness of own weaknesses and strength Lincoln had known his weakness and strength, the weakness acknowledge by Lincoln was his tendency to give people too many chances as he was well aware of how to compensate to his weakness. Know to how to relax and replenish Lincoln always encouraged a healthy atmosphere around him. He understood the importance of relaxation and come out of stress of the day, so that he could concentrate and challenge himself to the next day. Go out into the field and manage directly When there was a civil war going on, many soldiers died and there was lot of ups and downs. Lincoln use to visit the battlefield and hospitals to boost their morale and he use to spend time talking to members of the public, taking their opinion. He always use to maintain a close public relation. Strength to adhere to fundamental goals Lincoln was always firm on his decision making. As when the war was not going well for the north, members of his political party came to Lincoln and said there was no chance to win and he need to give up on slavery. But Lincoln held firm on his decision and turned away from their advice. Ability to communicate goals and vision Abraham Lincoln understood that for the U.S. to be a great nation, it required to be united and should be free from the sins of slavery. He first created an inspiring vision and goals of the future and he was successful in inspiring and motivating the people in achieving that vision. Lincoln was very good in managing and delivery of the vision, he ensured that the vision what was in his mind is managed properly and ensured that the vision and goals are successful. LEADERSHIP ROLES Some of the important leadership roles which coexist in same person where he should be, The Exemplar or Alpha Member The Visionary The Fixer The Connecter The Enforcer The Facilitator The Exemplar or Alpha Member The exemplar or Alpha Member, they are the role models that others imitate. Their role may be just a symbolic even ceremonial but important. They are one who sets an example for others, they are successful and charismatic founders. The Visionary The visionary leader role is to have vision of the future and thinking what is limiting the present and show what will be possible in the future. The visionary leaders should always imagine new possibilities and creating a new facts and realities. Therefore these visionary leaders play a critical role in moving people to new directions. The Fixer The role of the fixer is, an individual who knows how to get things done and measure on not just how many people they know, but how they can get them done which others cannot. The Connector They are the network leaders, who participate in multiple social networks. They are connected not only with a large number of members but also with highly diverse number of members as well. These are the one who have numerous connections and contacts for being complete networkers. Somewhat like the visionary leaders they introduce variety and options into the network. The Enforcer In large networks it is an independent role. Enforcement can mean physical force, but its more often of psychological pressure. It is a very critical for overall network effectiveness. The Facilitator In the process of network to evolve and grow, it should able to add new members. The role of the facilitator is important in creating communities which provide a great form of network value. It resembles more of a community coordinator, which helps in development of communities of practice. This method is developed for helping to create and influence knowledge. Abraham Lincoln not only played an important role as an exemplar, visionary, connector, fixer, enforcer and facilitator during the civil war but also in the events preceding the war. Lincoln had to deal with issues of southern states seceding and also to outbreak of civil war. In conducting the civil war Lincoln had to successfully address array of specific and inter related issues, if union victory was to be attained. These include marshalling the American economy to meet the incredible war needs of several million soldiers, raising a citizens army of volunteers willing to be trained and die for the union, adopting war strategies for the union army, handling foreign affairs, and dealing with the problem of slavery without destroying the democratic freedoms upon which the nation was founded. As you can see Abraham Lincoln played quite an important role not just in one part of the Civil War but in a wide variety of areas. I believe that Lincolns dealings before and during the War not only changed the course of the United States but also saved it. (http://mybestessays.com/role-of-abraham-lincoln-in-civil-war/) CONCLUSION Abraham Lincolns story tells us that he was an incredible human being who started his life from nothing and went on to be a greatest U.S. president, he is one of the influential men in history. He is one of the finest examples of determination of doing something in life and achieving it. Although he faced countless defeats throughout his life, like he lost eight elections and also failed in business in many times. Because of this he could have quitted many times, but he dint. Instead, after each defeat he would come back hard and press forward until he achieved his goals. In American history no president ever faced a greater crisis and no President ever accomplished as much. Lincoln understood that for the U.S. to be a great nation, it needed to be united and free from the sins of slavery. A moral nation that boasts life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness for all cannot be masters of human beings. With an iron resolve, patience and careful timing, Lincoln gave back an America that was indeed free and whole. If we will have to make a note of what qualities of Lincoln have made him a leader whom people admire even after 200 years is the self confidence which he had that made him to surround himself by people better known than he was, his ability to absorb and listen to what people were thinking and feeling. He could see both the sides of any issue. He had the ability to acknowledge his errors, learn from mistakes, shoulder the responsibility and his never give up attitude for the failure. To evaluate talent as a leader some of those emotional strengths are equally important to actual success. As Peter Drucker said Leadership is the lifting of a mans vision to higher sights, the raising of a mans performance to a higher standard, the building of a mans personality beyond its normal limitations. (http://www.the-happy-manager.com/leadership-quotes.html) Abraham Lincoln proved himself by creating a status to all the 11 states freeing them from slavery lifting their visions up to a level equivalent to that of northern whites. Lincoln did not free the slaves, but the slavery had overcome because of the struggle and sacrifices of millions people Black as well as Whites. Here, Lincoln played an important role, he deserved to be remembered as one of the great struggles for freedom in history. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/3607.html http://books.google.co.in/books?id=Epsf5z_bL6UCprintsec=frontcoverdq=abraham+lincoln+biographyhl=enei=izwGTbqDI8TprAfou5SRDwsa=Xoi=book_resultct=book-thumbnailresnum=1ved=0CDcQ6wEwAA#v=onepageqf=false http://www.usafis.org/newsletter/Abraham_lincoln.asp?af= http://www.dailynewarticles.com/article/450/69011/Abe_Lincoln_An_Extraordinary_Leader.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln http://www.mindtools.com/pages/Newsletters/08Jun10.htm http://hr.blr.com/whitepapers/Staffing-Training/Leadership/10-Qualities-that-Made-Abraham-Lincoln-a-Great-Lea/ http://www.the-happy-manager.com/leadership-quotes.html http://mybestessays.com/role-of-abraham-lincoln-in-civil-war/ A Report on LEADERSHIP By: Darshan Kumar. B.L Men make history and not the other way around. In periods where there is no leadership, society stands still. Progress occurs when courageous, skillful leaders seize the opportunity to change things for the better. Harry Truman. (http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/3607.html) ABRAHAM LINCOLN Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809. He was the second child of Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Lincoln. When he was 9, his mother died and his father married to Sarah Bush Johnston. Lincoln became very close to her and uses to call her mother. Lincoln father was not very successful Kentucky frontiersman and carpenter, he has to struggle for living. Lincoln regretted his fathers lack of education and did not like the hard labor connected with is life. But he took all the responsibilities of home as he was the male in the house hold. In 1841 Lincoln married to Mary Todd and he had two children Robert Todd Lincoln and Edward Barker Lincoln. Edward Barker Lincoln died because of tuberculosis and then there was a birth of Willie, even Willie died of a fever. Then Lincolns fourth son Tad was born and outlived his father, but even he also died at the age of 18. This made him upset a lot and he also suffered from clinical depression. As the saying goes, any great personalities past life would not be a bed of roses; same was the case with this black president of US. The man with high imagination, who decided to engage in a head-to-head war for the survival of his country as a union, had a humble beginning. The poverty in the life of early Lincoln made himself educated rather being formally educated giving him a greater positive insight towards life. The fumes in early Lincoln against slavery was lit into fire by the time he attained his late teens and helped him begin his political career at an early age of 23 with a campaign for the Illinois General Assembly. Lincoln was successful in becoming the President of United States in 1860. Being a president he concentrated on the military and political dimension of the war, he was always trying to reunify the nation because of doing this he experienced unprecedented war powers. Lincoln closely supervised the war especially in selecting the top generals, he brought leaders of both different parties into is cabinet and pressured them to coordinate. Under the leadership of Lincoln the union took control of board of slave states at begin of the war to capture confederated capital at Richmond and he was succeeded in 1865. As the leader of Republican Party, he was attacked from all sides few people were seeing him as an enemy. Lincoln fought back strongly. After the surrender by confederate army he became victim to an assassin. He was the first president to suffer such a faith. The journey to his destination was filled with hurdles and sorrows. But this road to success would definitely remain inspirational to anybody who would aspire to become a leader. He entered into the political world and soon became a favorite among Republicans and nominated him as a candidate for president. Through a series of events, a once illiterate individual became the most powerful person in the U.S Those were the days which had in store for this aspired leader a bag of failures. He failed in business, lost election to the state legislature, speaker of the house, nomination for congress, appointment of land officer, twice to the US senate and nomination for vice president. These failures would have left any person other than Lincoln disheartened and de motivated. But the commendable part of this great man is that it was after all these failures he was elected as a president of the nation which is walking with its head high even to this day. He played a significant role during the civil war in ending slavery and in unifying the nation. At the time of American Revolution there were 1 million African slaves in the colonies, agriculture economy was largely dependent on their labor. Anybody who wanted to end slavery would not take any step towards it because slavery was the key to producing cotton which led to industrial revolution and capitalization. Karl Marx then wrote without slavery, there would be no cotton, without cotton there would be no modern industry. The American Civil War which broke out in the year 1861 was the front seat for Lincoln towards abolition of slavery and turning the union army into the army of liberation. He enforced emancipation proclamation in 1865 in southern states where blacks and slavery formed a major part. Lincoln was forced to withdraw emancipation by his Republican Party members with a fear that he would not be re-elected. Adhering to his decision he said if ever he would withdraw then he should deserve to be damned in time and eternity. He was of the opinion that if slavery is not wrong then nothing is wrong. The major effect of emancipation was on the northern whites esp. soldiers of union army. He was successful in bringing one black in every 10 soldiers thereby creating and enlarging their space among the whites. What started as a war to preserve the Union now became a battle to end slavery. Nearly two hundred thousand African Americans fought for the Union cause. No President in American history ever faced a greater crisis and no President ever accomplished as much. Lincoln understood that for the U.S. to be a great nation, it needed to be united and free from the sins of slavery. A moral nation that boasts life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness for all cannot be masters of human beings. With an iron resolve, patience and careful timing, Lincoln gave back an America that was indeed free and whole. (http://books.google.co.in/books?id=Epsf5z_bL6UCprintsec=frontcoverdq=abraham+lincoln+biographyhl=enei=izwGTbqDI8TprAfou5SRDwsa=Xoi=book_resultct=book-thumbnailresnum=1ved=0CDcQ6wEwAA#v=onepageqf=false) (http://www.usafis.org/newsletter/Abraham_lincoln.asp?af=) (http://www.dailynewarticles.com/article/450/69011/Abe_Lincoln_An_Extraordinary_Leader.html) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln) QUALITIES EXPECTED: The ability for being a leader in his own field is not an inborn talent its the result of the number of years being spent in ones life exploring oneself and the world. It is in this due course that he starts understanding his own needs and characteristics and also of the fellow participants. In the mean time he builds confidence and trust among his team mates. Being a leader doesnt mean doing it all by yourself to prove your capability on the task, it is controlling the group and leading them in the right direction. A group works together can be best when everybody is headed in the same direction. If a plan has to be properly carried out somebody must lead the effort. An effective leader is a one, who has following qualities. Creating an inspiring vision of future. Inspiring and motivating people towards that vision. Managing delivery of vision. Coaches and builds a team to achieve that vision. Creating an inspiring vision of future In any field a vision is practical, convincing and attractive illustration of where you want to be in the future. Vision provides direction in achieving it. Once there is a vision, leaders must make them compelling and realistic. A compelling vision is one that people can understand, feel and embrace the vision. Effective leaders are one who provides a rich picture of how the future looks like. They try to tell stories and explain their vision in the ways the people can understand and cope up with him. Inspiring and motivating people towards that vision. A vision provides the foundation for leadership, but its ability of the leaders to inspire and motivate the people to help them to drive the vision. Here the people respect and believe in leaders because these leaders are expert in what they do, because these leaders would have earned the right to ask people to listen to them and follow them. This helps leaders to inspire and motivate the people to achieve the vision. Managing delivery of vision This is where management comes to picture. Here, the leadership relates to management by knowing which approach is batter and when you need to apply it is the key to effective leadership. To achieve the vision leaders must ensure that the work required to deliver that vision is managed and they should ensure that the vision is successful. Coaches and builds a team to achieve that vision. A leader must ensure that the team members have all the skills and abilities to achieve their vision. They do this by taking and giving the feedback regularly. Leadership also includes looking out for leadership qualities in others. So that by developing the leadership qualities within your team, where you can create an environment where you can be successful in the long term continuously. (http://www.mindtools.com/pages/Newsletters/08Jun10.htm) Qualities that made Abraham Lincoln a great leader, where we have to look out in present day leaders are, Capacity to listen to different points of view Where, Lincoln had a capacity to listen to different points of view and he created a climate where the cabinet members were free to disagree without any fear and give their opinion. At the same time Lincoln knew when to stop the discussion and make the final decision, by taking various opinions from his cabinet members. Ability to learn on the job Lincoln was able to learn from is mistake, acknowledge errors and the move from it. Willingness to share credit for success When there was success Lincoln shared the credit with all members who were involved in it, without taking the credit of success to his own. Willingness to share blame for failure Lincoln spoke up and indicated that he and his entire cabinet were to blame in case of any wrong decision taken. Lincoln stood up for them, when there was a mistake made by his cabinet members. Ability to control emotions When he was working with his cabinet members sometimes he use get angry and frustrated when there was a argument or any bad decision, so he found a way to come out of these emotions. He use sit and write what he referred as hot letter to the individual he was angry with and set the letter aside. Lincoln fallowed this kind of gesture to let the individual know that he was not holing any grudge. Awareness of own weaknesses and strength Lincoln had known his weakness and strength, the weakness acknowledge by Lincoln was his tendency to give people too many chances as he was well aware of how to compensate to his weakness. Know to how to relax and replenish Lincoln always encouraged a healthy atmosphere around him. He understood the importance of relaxation and come out of stress of the day, so that he could concentrate and challenge himself to the next day. Go out into the field and manage directly When there was a civil war going on, many soldiers died and there was lot of ups and downs. Lincoln use to visit the battlefield and hospitals to boost their morale and he use to spend time talking to members of the public, taking their opinion. He always use to maintain a close public relation. Strength to adhere to fundamental goals Lincoln was always firm on his decision making. As when the war was not going well for the north, members of his political party came to Lincoln and said there was no chance to win and he need to give up on slavery. But Lincoln held firm on his decision and turned away from their advice. Ability to communicate goals and vision Abraham Lincoln understood that for the U.S. to be a great nation, it needed to be united and free from the sins of slavery. He first created an inspiring vision and goals of the future and he was successful in inspiring and motivating the people in achieving that vision. Lincoln was very good in managing and delivery of the vision, he ensured that the vision what was in his mind is managed properly and ensured that the vision and goals are successful. (http://hr.blr.com/whitepapers/Staffing-Training/Leadership/10-Qualities-that-Made-Abraham-Lincoln-a-Great-Lea/) LEADERSHIP ROLES Some of the important leadership roles which coexist in same person where he should be, The Exemplar or Alpha Member The Visionary The Fixer The Connecter The Enforcer The Facilitator The Exemplar or Alpha Member The exemplar or Alpha Member, they are the role models that others imitate. Their role may be just a symbolic even ceremonial but important. They are one who sets an example for others, they are successful and charismatic founders. The Visionary The visionary leader role is to have vision of the future and thinking what is limiting the present and show what will be possible in the future. The visionary leaders should always imagine new possibilities and creating a new facts and realities. Therefore these visionary leaders play a critical role in moving people to new directions. The Fixer The role of the fixer is, an individual who knows how to get things done and measure on not just how many people they know, but how they can get them done which others cannot. The Connector They are the network leaders, who participate in multiple social networks. They are connected not only with a large number of members but also with highly diverse number of members as well. These are the one who have numerous connections and contacts for being complete networkers. Somewhat like the visionary leaders they introduce variety and options into the network. The Enforcer In large networks it is an independent role. Enforcement can mean physical force, but its more often of psychological pressure. It is a very critical for overall network effectiveness. The Facilitator In the process of network to evolve and grow, it should able to add new members. The ro